1988
DOI: 10.1016/0886-7798(88)90030-2
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Alaska's CRREL permafrost tunnel

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Cited by 22 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…A wealth of information on the mechanics of frozen ground has been generated in studies of the Fox permafrost tunnel near Fairbanks, Alaska (Figure ). This tunnel was excavated in 1963 by the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) in frozen, gold‐bearing gravel deposits overlain by aeolian silt adjacent to Glenn Creek [ Johansen et al, ]. A primary purpose of the tunnel was to investigate the technical and logistical opportunities and challenges associated with tunneling in perennially frozen soil.…”
Section: Field Observationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…A wealth of information on the mechanics of frozen ground has been generated in studies of the Fox permafrost tunnel near Fairbanks, Alaska (Figure ). This tunnel was excavated in 1963 by the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) in frozen, gold‐bearing gravel deposits overlain by aeolian silt adjacent to Glenn Creek [ Johansen et al, ]. A primary purpose of the tunnel was to investigate the technical and logistical opportunities and challenges associated with tunneling in perennially frozen soil.…”
Section: Field Observationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These studies generally indicated that the ice‐rich frozen silt, through which the tunnel entrance was excavated, was weak compared with the relatively ice‐poor frozen gravel [ Huang et al, ]. Both frozen materials, however, exhibited initially accelerating and subsequent steady state creep that had an exponential sensitivity to temperature, similar to the behavior of clean ice [ Huang et al, ; Johansen et al, ]. A key result of the tunnel experiments was that, provided the temperature could be maintained below about −4°C, the frozen soil was sufficiently strong that the tunnel required no artificial structural support [ Pettibone and Waddell , ; Johansen et al, ].…”
Section: Field Observationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Material incorporated into the ice wedge quickly becomes frozen, and the ice and the ice in soil and organic particles are thus preserved in a frozen state. The Fox permafrost tunnel in Alaska (13), where numerous buried ice wedges are exposed in the tunnel wall (Fig. 1B), is preserved at a temperature of roughly Ϫ3°C by the U.S. Army's Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…e following results for different aspects of cold-region tunnels have been obtained. For instance, in the US, the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) [16,17] has obtained a series of valuable research results based on a long-term (since 1963) temperature observation of permafrost tunnels. Using 1974 meteorological data for New Delhi, Bansal et al [18] studied the annual variation of the ground temperature distribution for different surface conditions in warm regions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%