Alberta Hailstorms Part II: Growth of Large Hail in the Storm

English, Marianne

doi:10.1007/978-1-935704-32-4_2

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…A third change involves using a temperature-weighted vertical integration. Since hail growth only occurs at temperatures Ͻ0ЊC, and most growth for severe hail occurs at temperatures near Ϫ20ЊC or colder (English 1973;Browning 1977;Nelson 1983;Miller et al 1988),…”

Section: ) Severe Hail Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second time window (TW60) was 60 min in length, with T 1 ϭ Ϫ45 min and T 2 ϭ 15 min. These temporal limits were chosen based on the time it takes for large hail to both grow and fall out of a storm, which can be up to ϳ30 min (English 1973), and a 15-min buffer zone was added onto both ends of this initial 30-min interval (Ϫ30 min Յ ⌬T Յ 0 min) to produce a length similar to that of typical NWS severe weather warnings. An alternate way of visualizing the time windows, relative to the time of an algorithm prediction, is shown in Fig.…”

Section: ) Initial Developmental Testing Of Shimentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An Enhanced Hail Detection Algorithm for the WSR-88D

Witt¹,

Eilts²,

Stumpf³

et al. 1998

Wea. Forecasting

246

182

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An enhanced hail detection algorithm (HDA) has been developed for the WSR-88D to replace the original hail algorithm. While the original hail algorithm simply indicated whether or not a detected storm cell was producing hail, the new HDA estimates the probability of hail (any size), probability of severe-size hail (diameter Ն19 mm), and maximum expected hail size for each detected storm cell. A new parameter, called the severe hail index (SHI), was developed as the primary predictor variable for severe-size hail. The SHI is a thermally weighted vertical integration of a storm cell's reflectivity profile. Initial testing on 10 storm days showed that the new HDA performed considerably better at predicting severe hail than the original hail algorithm. Additional testing of the new HDA on 31 storm days showed substantial regional variations in performance, with best results across the southern plains and weaker performance for regions farther east.

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Section: ) Severe Hail Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Initial Developmental Testing Of Shimentioning

confidence: 99%

An Enhanced Hail Detection Algorithm for the WSR-88D

Witt¹,

Eilts²,

Stumpf³

et al. 1998

Wea. Forecasting

246

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In SW, types (a) and (c) have been identified (Grenier et QZ., 1980). In CND, at least type (a) does occur (English, 1973)…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of hailstorms in Switzerland, Canada and South Africa

Admirat

Goyer²,

Wojtiw³

et al. 1985

J. Climatol.

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A comparison of 5 to 20 years of qualitative and quantitative observations of hailfalls and hailstorms by three of the most active hail research groups in the world, shows very similar characteristics in a number of aspects of the hail phenomenon. The main similarities are that (a) the frequency of hailstorms decreases with increasing intensity, (b) the characteristics of hailstones (maximum size, number density) and hailswaths (length, surface area, energy) increase with increasing hailstorm intensity (i.e. lifetime, volume), (c) the single and multi-cellular type storms are most frequent, whereas the supercell is rare, (d) the hail flux is not constant but pulsating, (e) the spatial structure of large hailswath is not uniform but contains 'hailcores' and (f) the post embryonic trajectories of common hailstones are often simple and similar.A number of differences are also observed between some of the regions, the main ones being (a) the upper limit of intensity of the more severe storms, (b) the succession and scale of cells in the storm development and (c) the percentage of various embryo types.A major conclusion of this comparative study is that the severe hailstorms, which cause most of the damage, are exceptional and show little similarity in the three regions. For the more requent light and moderate damaging ones, the study suggests that dynamics may be the result of pulsating phenomena.

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“…Research related to severe storm outbreaks was conducted by Longley and Thompson (1965), who constructed mean maps for hail and no-hail days using upper-air sounding data. Research in the 1970s focused on hail observations and modeling (Chisholm 1973;English 1973;Renick and Maxwell 1977) and storm-scale studies, including kinematic models for single cell, multicell, and supercell hailstorms pioneered by Chisholm and Renick (1972 (Strong 1986(Strong , 1989. This model describes how the approach of an upper trough, an increase in CIN, the development of upslope f low, and the subsequent reduction of CIN through orographic and synoptic lift with trough passage leads to severe weather outbreaks.…”

Section: Alberta Thunderstorm Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Understanding Severe Thunderstorms and Alberta Boundary Layers Experiment (UNSTABLE) 2008

Taylor

Sills

Hanesiak

et al. 2011

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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a field and modeling study aims to improve our understanding of boundary layer processes in the foothills of the alberta rocky mountains and how they relate to the initiation of severe thunderstorms. U nderstanding convective initiation (CI) and predicting severe thunderstorms remains a challenge for atmospheric scientists and forecasters. However, accurate forecasts of the timing and location of CI are critical to maximize the lead time and accuracy of severe weather watches and warnings. The small spatial and temporal scales (sometimes only hundreds of meters and minutes, respectively) on which atmospheric processes leading to CI occur make them difficult to measure observationally and simulate using numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. An attempt to resolve these processes via observations can be made using 

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Alberta Hailstorms Part II: Growth of Large Hail in the Storm

Cited by 11 publications

References 75 publications

An Enhanced Hail Detection Algorithm for the WSR-88D

An Enhanced Hail Detection Algorithm for the WSR-88D

A comparative study of hailstorms in Switzerland, Canada and South Africa

The Understanding Severe Thunderstorms and Alberta Boundary Layers Experiment (UNSTABLE) 2008

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