ALBIRA: A small animal PET/SPECT/CT imaging system

Abstract

Abstract:Purpose: We have developed a trimodal PET/SPECT/CT scanner for small animal imaging. The gamma ray sub-systems are based on monolithic crystals coupled to multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (MA-PMTs), while CT comprises a commercially available micro-focus X-ray tube and a CsI scintillator 2D pixelated flat panel X-ray detector. In this study we will report on the design and performance evaluation of the multimodal system. Methods: X-ray transmission measurements are performed based on cone-beam geometry. Individual projections were acquired by rotating the X-ray tube and the 2D flat panel detector, thus making possible a transaxial FOV of roughly 80 mm in diameter and an axial FOV of 65 mm for the CT system. The SPECT component has a dual head detector geometry mounted on a rotating gantry. The distance between the SPECT module detectors can be varied in order to optimize specific user requirements, including variable FOV. The PET system is made up of eight compact modules forming an octagon with an axial Field Of View (FOV) of 40 mm and a transaxial FOV of 80 mm in diameter. The main CT image quality parameters (spatial resolution and uniformity) have been determined. In the case of the SPECT, the tomographic spatial resolution and system sensitivity have been evaluated with a 99m Tc solution using single-pinhole and multipinhole collimators. PET and SPECT images were reconstructed using threedimensional (3D) Maximum Likelihood and Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization (MLEM and OSEM)) algorithms developed by the authors, whereas the CT images were obtained using a 3D based FBP algorithm.Results: CT spatial resolution was 85 μm while a uniformity of 2.7% was obtained for a water filled phantom at 45 kV. The SPECT spatial resolution was better than 0.8 mm measured with a Derenzo-like phantom for a FOV of 20 mm using a 1-mm pinhole aperture collimator. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) PET radial spatial resolution at the center of the field of view was 1.55 mm. The SPECT system sensitivity for a FOV of 20 mm and 15% energy window was 700 cps/MBq (7.8x10 -2 %) using a multi-pinhole equipped with 5 apertures 1 mm in diameter, whereas the PET absolute sensitivity was 2% for a 350-650 keV energy window and a 5 ns timing window. Several animal images are also presented. Conclusions:The new small animal PET/SPECT/CT proposed here exhibits high performance, producing high-quality images suitable for studies with small animals. Monolithic design for PET and SPECT scintillator crystals reduces cost and complexity without significant performance degradation.

A method to optimize the image acquisition protocol of a MicroCT unit for preclinical studies using contrast-enhanced digital subtraction

“…The microCT unit was an Albira ARS [8]. The X-ray tube was a (cone beam) Apogee 5500 Oxford Instruments, operating at 30, 35, 40 and 45 kV, and seven available currents between 0.2 and 0.9 mA.…”

Quantitative preclinical PET imaging: opportunities and challenges

“…Most of the commercial preclinical scanners are based on small individual scintillators coupled to photomultipliers such as the microPET R4 and P4 scanners [8,9], the microPET Focus family [10,11], the Inveon scanner [12], the nanoPET/CT scanner [13], the Triumph®II -PET/SPECT/CT system [14], the Super Argus PET/CT [15], the ClearPET scanner [16] or the Genisys4 system [17,18]. In contrast to these scanners, which are based on individual small scintillator pixels, the ALBIRA scanner is made of larger monolithic scintillators, where the point of interaction is estimated from the scintillation light spread into the position sensitive photomultiplier [19,20]. This scanner offers the advantage of reduced dead areas (higher packing fraction), due to the missing edges between the crystals.…”

NEMA NU4-2008 Performance Evaluation of Albira: A Two-Ring Small-Animal PET System Using Continuous LYSO Crystals

“…Detailed information regarding the PET detector construction has been already reported [1 -8]. The SPECT and CT sub-systems were recently described in [12]. In summary, each of the crystals in the Bruker Albira PET has the shape of truncated pyramid with the base of 50×50 mm, 10 mm depth and 40×40 mm at the top virtually pixelated to a 300×300 grid.…”