Nanomedicine enables
advanced therapeutics, diagnostics,
and predictive
analysis, enhancing treatment outcomes and patient care. The choices
and development of high-quality organic nanoparticles with relatively
lower toxicity are important for achieving advanced medical goals.
Among organic molecules, proteins have been prospected as smart candidates
to revolutionize nanomedicine due to their inherent fascinating features.
The advent of protein nanoarchitectures, which explore the biomolecular
corona, offers new insights into their efficient tissue penetration
and therapeutic potential. This review examines various animal- and
plant-based protein nanoparticles, highlighting their source, activity,
products, and unique biomedical applications in regenerative medicine,
targeted therapies, gene and drug delivery, antimicrobial activity,
bioimaging, immunological adjuvants, etc. It provides an extensive
discussion on recent applications of protein nanoparticles across
diverse biomedical fields as well as the evolving landscape of other
nanoproducts and nanodevices for sensitive medical procedures. Furthermore,
this review introduces different preparation technologies of protein
nanoparticles, emphasizing how their design and construction significantly
influence loading capacity, stability, and targeting effects. Additionally,
we delve into the construction of different user-friendly multifunctional
modular bioarchitectures by the assembly of protein nanoparticles
(PNPs), marking a significant breakthrough in therapies. This review
also considers the challenges of synthetic nanomaterials and the emergence
of natural alternatives, which provides insights into protein nanoparticle
research.
