Alcohol administration reduces attentional bias to alcohol-related but not food-related cues: Evidence for a satiety hypothesis.

Monem, Ramey G.; Fillmore, Mark T.

doi:10.1037/adb0000522

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This is consistent with the 'satiation hypothesis' suggesting that the absence of 'reward' satiation in striatum activates hypervigilance for alcohol-related stimuli, in an attempt to attain satiety (Monem and Fillmore, 2019). Specifically, findings by Monem and Fillmore (2019) indicate that AB for alcohol-related stimuli shows dose-dependent decreases; however, the same pattern of decreases was not observed for other appetitive stimuli. These findings are also consistent with those suggestive of elevated AB following placebo (McNeill et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Specifically, anticipation was associated with significant increases in alcoholrelated attentional bias. This is consistent with the 'satiation hypothesis' suggesting that the absence of 'reward' satiation in striatum activates hypervigilance for alcohol-related stimuli, in an attempt to attain satiety (Monem & Fillmore, 2019). Specifically, findings by Monem and colleagues indicate that attentional bias for alcohol-related stimuli show dose-dependent decreases; however, the same pattern of decreases was not observed for other appetitive stimuli (ibid).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Intoxication without anticipation: Disentangling pharmacological from expected effects of alcohol

et al. 2021

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Background: The pharmacological effects of alcohol on executive function, craving and subsequent alcohol-seeking have been well documented. Yet, insufficient methodological controls within existing alcohol administration paradigms have meant that the relative importance of alcohol’s pharmacological and anticipatory effects remains in need of further elucidation. Aim: The objective of this study is to disentangle alcohol’s pharmacological effects from its anticipatory effects on alcohol-related cognitions and subsequent consumption. Methods: Inhibitory control, attentional bias and craving were assessed pre- and post-consumption in 100 participants who were randomly allocated to one of four beverage conditions in a two by two design: (1) alcohol aware (alcohol with participant knowledge (pharmacological/anticipation effects)), (2) alcohol blind (alcohol without participant knowledge; in a novel grain alcohol masking condition (pharmacological/no anticipation effects)), (3) placebo (no alcohol but participants were deceived (anticipation/non-pharmacological effects)) and (4) pure control (no alcohol with participant knowledge (no anticipation/non-pharmacological effects)). Results: Findings suggest that the pharmacological effects of alcohol result in greater inhibitory control impairments compared with anticipated effects. Anticipatory but not the pharmacological effects of alcohol were found to increase attentional bias. Both pharmacology and anticipation resulted in increased craving, though higher levels of craving were observed due to alcohol’s pharmacology. Furthermore, alcohol pharmacology resulted in heightened ad libitum consumption; however, anticipation did not. Changes in craving partially mediated the relationship between initial intoxication and subsequent drinking, while inhibitory control impairments did not. Conclusions: Successive alcohol consumption appears driven primarily by the pharmacological effects of alcohol which are exerted via changes in craving.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Intoxication without anticipation: Disentangling pharmacological from expected effects of alcohol

et al. 2021

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“…This posits that the transient reductions in AB following alcohol intoxication detected in the pre-load condition, are the result of alcohol's rewarding effects satiating one's motivations to consume and by extension attentional allocation to alcohol-related stimuli (i.e., Duka & Townshend, 2004;Weafer & Fillmore, 2013). Further support comes from recent findings that indicate that AB for alcohol-related stimuli but not food stimuli is reduced following acute alcohol intoxication (Monem & Fillmore, 2019). On the 20 other hand, the placebo condition would be expected to elicit anticipatory effects (see Marlatt, Demming, & Reid, 1973) without the associated dampening effects of satiation on AB, as might be expected as a result of intoxication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Effects of Placebo and Moderate Dose Alcohol on Attentional Bias, Inhibitory Control and Subjective Craving

McNeill

Monk

Qureshi

et al. 2021

Alcohol and Alcoholism

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Aims Previous research indicates that acute alcohol intoxication and placebo can inhibit people’s control over consumption behaviour and heighten attentional bias (AB) towards alcohol-related stimuli and craving. We designed a study to disentangle anticipated from pharmacological effects of alcohol in order to gain a clearer view of their relative contributions to alcohol consumption. Methods In a within-participants design (moderate alcohol dose, placebo and control), and over a minimum 2-week period, participants completed a battery of questionnaires and cognitive tasks, followed by a bogus taste task to measure ad libitum consumption. Results Both alcohol preload and placebo resulted in cognitive and psychological changes, including impaired inhibitory control, heightened AB and craving. However, ad libitum consumption only increased following alcohol and not placebo. Furthermore, inhibitory control impairments did not mediate the relationship between initial intoxication and ad libitum consumption, and findings indicate that increases in craving may mediate this association. Conclusion Psychological processes such as craving may be more important in driving consummatory behaviour relative to transient changes in cognitive processes, such as inhibitory control.

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“…Gough et al [ 66 ] observed that AB to food cues increased following a higher dose alcohol primer (0.6 mg/kg) compared to placebo, suggesting that these effects may only occur at higher doses. A smaller study in 23 young adults found that while low- (0.3 g/kg) and high-dose (0.65 g/kg) alcohol primers reduced alcohol-cue related AB relative to placebo, AB towards food-cues were sustained across all doses [ 69 ]. Recent evidence has indicated that alcohol (beer) odour increased attentional bias for food-cues, even in the absence of actual alcohol consumption [ 70 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Joining the Dots’: Individual, Sociocultural and Environmental Links between Alcohol Consumption, Dietary Intake and Body Weight—A Narrative Review

Fong¹,

Scott²,

Albani³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Alcohol is energy-dense, elicits weak satiety responses relative to solid food, inhibits dietary fat oxidation, and may stimulate food intake. It has, therefore, been proposed as a contributor to weight gain and obesity. The aim of this narrative review was to consolidate and critically appraise the evidence on the relationship of alcohol consumption with dietary intake and body weight, within mainstream (non-treatment) populations. Publications were identified from a PubMed keyword search using the terms ‘alcohol’, ‘food’, ‘eating’, ‘weight’, ‘body mass index’, ‘obesity’, ‘food reward’, ‘inhibition’, ‘attentional bias’, ‘appetite’, ‘culture’, ‘social’. A snowball method and citation searches were used to identify additional relevant publications. Reference lists of relevant publications were also consulted. While limited by statistical heterogeneity, pooled results of experimental studies showed a relatively robust association between acute alcohol intake and greater food and total energy intake. This appears to occur via metabolic and psychological mechanisms that have not yet been fully elucidated. Evidence on the relationship between alcohol intake and weight is equivocal. Most evidence was derived from cross-sectional survey data which does not allow for a cause-effect relationship to be established. Observational research evidence was limited by heterogeneity and methodological issues, reducing the certainty of the evidence. We found very little qualitative work regarding the social, cultural, and environmental links between concurrent alcohol intake and eating behaviours. That the evidence of alcohol intake and body weight remains uncertain despite no shortage of research over the years, indicates that more innovative research methodologies and nuanced analyses are needed to capture what is clearly a complex and dynamic relationship. Also, given synergies between ‘Big Food’ and ‘Big Alcohol’ industries, effective policy solutions are likely to overlap and a unified approach to policy change may be more effective than isolated efforts. However, joint action may not occur until stronger evidence on the relationship between alcohol intake, food intake and weight is established.

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Alcohol administration reduces attentional bias to alcohol-related but not food-related cues: Evidence for a satiety hypothesis.

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Intoxication without anticipation: Disentangling pharmacological from expected effects of alcohol

Intoxication without anticipation: Disentangling pharmacological from expected effects of alcohol

The Effects of Placebo and Moderate Dose Alcohol on Attentional Bias, Inhibitory Control and Subjective Craving

‘Joining the Dots’: Individual, Sociocultural and Environmental Links between Alcohol Consumption, Dietary Intake and Body Weight—A Narrative Review

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