Alcohol, affect, and the disinhibition of verbal behavior

Babor, Thomas F.; Berglas, Steven; Mendelson, Jack H.; Ellingboe, James; Miller, Kenneth D.

doi:10.1007/bf00427496

Cited by 132 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Rohrberg and SousaPoza [149] reported that social communication was affected at a BAL of 0.05% but no increase in talkativeness was found. Babor et al [150] reported an increase in verbosity at high BAL (0.1%), but no measurements were made of inhibitions or expectations. Lindfors and Lindman [151] studied the effect of alcohol on interactions in groups of 4 subjects, 2 men and 2 women.…”

Section: Verbal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and Disinhibition

Källmén

Gustafson²

1998

Eur Addict Res

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This review investigates research evaluating the disinhibition hypothesis. This hypothesis postulates that in a sober state behavior is inhibited. When people are influenced by alcohol the inhibitions are supposed to be weakened and the motivating drives are postulated to become disinhibited and potent to influence behavior. This report reviews the effect of alcohol on nerve functions, on human sexuality, aggression, eating behavior, psychological conflicts, fluency in talk, social anxiety, violent crimes and the interaction of alcohol and social norms. It has been shown that individual subjective experiences sometimes indicate disinhibition (reduction of the forces holding back impulses) and objective behavior in some respects was different when the subject was intoxicated, but the mechanism that mediates behavior is not clear. It seems to be difficult to measure independently the forces restraining (inhibiting) the driving forces (uncontrolled impulses) at the same time as measuring these driving forces. The review concludes that there is no unambiguous support of the disinhibition hypothesis. An alternative hypothesis that seems to explain many behaviors in an inebriated individual is the ‘time out’ hypothesis which states that drunken behavior is influenced more by norms about what it should be than by the pharmacological effect of alcohol.

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Section: Verbal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and Disinhibition

Källmén

Gustafson²

1998

Eur Addict Res

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“…The acute effects of ethanol are biphasic: at lower internal concentrations, ethanol acts as a stimulant, whereas, at higher concentrations, it acts as a depressant (1). The stimulant effects of ethanol manifest as elevated mood and energy level in humans and as increased locomotor activity in animal models, and are thought to reflect the reinforcing properties of ethanol (2,3). In contrast, the depressant effects of ethanol manifest in humans as depressed mood, fatigue, and cognitive and motor impairment (2,4); animal models similarly exhibit motor incoordination and ultimately sedation (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The stimulant effects of ethanol manifest as elevated mood and energy level in humans and as increased locomotor activity in animal models, and are thought to reflect the reinforcing properties of ethanol (2,3). In contrast, the depressant effects of ethanol manifest in humans as depressed mood, fatigue, and cognitive and motor impairment (2,4); animal models similarly exhibit motor incoordination and ultimately sedation (1). Several studies have suggested that susceptibility to alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is correlated with increased sensitivity to the stimulant effects of ethanol and decreased sensitivity to its depressant effects (5,6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Acute ethanol responses in Drosophila are sexually dimorphic

Devineni

Heberlein

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In mammalian and insect models of ethanol intoxication, low doses of ethanol stimulate locomotor activity whereas high doses induce sedation. Sex differences in acute ethanol responses, which occur in humans, have not been characterized in Drosophila. In this study, we find that male flies show increased ethanol hyperactivity and greater resistance to ethanol sedation compared with females. We show that the sex determination gene transformer (tra) acts in the developing nervous system, likely through regulation of fruitless (fru), to at least partially mediate the sexual dimorphism in ethanol sedation. Although pharmacokinetic differences may contribute to the increased sedation sensitivity of females, neuronal tra expression regulates ethanol sedation independently of ethanol pharmacokinetics. We also show that acute activation of fru-expressing neurons affects ethanol sedation, further supporting a role for fru in regulating this behavior. Thus, we have characterized previously undescribed sex differences in behavioral responses to ethanol, and implicated fru in mediating a subset of these differences.

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“…The wing, being one of the distinctly viewed phenotype, is an ectodermal structure with well-defined compartmentalization of the wing contents and portions into two distinct groups of boundary classifications; one being anterior-posterior and the other being dorsal-ventral (Acheson et al, 1998;Ashburner, 1998;Babor et al, 1983). The dorsal and ventral epithelial sheets are considered to superimpose on each other, to form what we see as an ectodermal wing blade in its mature form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNAI INDUCED WING MODIFICATION IN LEON MUTANT <I>DROSOPHILA</I>: A DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS

Satapathy¹

2013

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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The precision of growth of an animal is meticulously regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, with focus on maintenance of organismal homeostasis. The clue to change in physiology or metabolism of an organism, at times can be derived from the changes in phenotypes. In the Drosophila melanogaster model system, GAL 4-overexpressed RNAi driver males (Mini-White Marker), targeted against specific genes, when crossed with Leon mutant (19-2/TM6B) females, yield progeny of different wing types. Different RNAi lines expressing the phenotypes in a gradient of sodden, mid to normal; explains the varying severity of the wing phenotypes. The comparison of flies co-expressed RNAi and Leon mutant with wild type or Leon mutant females; show changes in wing phenotype; in terms of wing venation, Anterior Cortical Vein (ACV) position, Posterior Cortical Vein (PCV) position, bristles on the wing margins and the inter-segmental distance. There is a distinct evidence of both rescue and deterioration phenotype observed at various levels, with the varying levels of RNAi expression in sodden, mid and normal type. A correlational study of these modified wing phenotypes to the physiological and metabolic functionalities; reveals the expression of most of these genes targeted by RNAi, mainly in the brain, heart, thoracic-abdominal ganglion, salivary gland, ovary and testis. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that the Leon mutant can be correlated with the RNAi.

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Alcohol, affect, and the disinhibition of verbal behavior

Cited by 132 publications

References 17 publications

Alcohol and Disinhibition

Alcohol and Disinhibition

Acute ethanol responses in Drosophila are sexually dimorphic

RNAI INDUCED WING MODIFICATION IN LEON MUTANT <I>DROSOPHILA</I>: A DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS

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