Alcohol Alters Sensory Processing to Respiratory Stimuli in Healthy Men and Women During Wakefulness

Eckert, Danny J.; Elgar, Nathan J.; McEvoy, R. Doug; Catcheside, Peter

doi:10.1093/sleep/33.10.1389

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A possible alternative explanation for the increase in IP/IT units during the alcohol condition is that alcohol caused increased nasal congestion (and therefore increased airway resistance), and as such there was a slight loading of the airway. Increased nasal and pharyngeal resistance has been observed following alcohol intake in some (Eckert et al., 2010; Robinson et al., 1985; Series et al., 1990) but not all (Dawson et al., 1997) prior studies. Oesophageal/epiglottic pressures were not measured in this study so it is not possible to know whether airway resistance differed between conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…If future studies conducted during sleep are consistent with the current study and demonstrate only modest effects of alcohol on the activity of the genioglossus muscle, then the cause of the increase in snoring and OSA severity with alcohol intoxication would appear likely to be due to some other factor. As mentioned, one likely candidate is increased nasal resistance as a result of nasal congestion (Eckert et al., 2010 ; Robinson et al., 1985 ; Series et al., 1990 ). Another possible contributing factor is that the arousal threshold is altered by alcohol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of alcohol on genioglossus single motor units in men and women during wakefulness

Avraam

Dawson

Nicholas

et al. 2022

Experimental Physiology

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Alcohol worsens obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This effect is thought to be due to alcohol's depressant effect on upper airway dilator muscles such as the genioglossus, but how alcohol reduces genioglossal activity is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption on genioglossus muscle single motor units (MUs). Sixteen healthy individuals were studied on two occasions (alcohol: breath alcohol concentration ∼0.07% and placebo). They were instrumented with a nasal mask, four intramuscular genioglossal EMG electrodes, and an ear oximeter.They were exposed to 8-12 hypoxia trials (45-60 s of 10% O 2 followed by one breath of 100% O 2 ) while awake. MUs were sorted according to their firing patterns and quantified during baseline, hypoxia and recovery. For the alcohol and placebo conditions, global muscle activity (mean ± SD peak inspiratory EMG = 119.3 ± 44.1 and 126.5 ± 51.9 μV, respectively, P = 0.53) and total number of MUs recorded at baseline (68 and 67, respectively) were similar. Likewise, the peak discharge frequency did not differ between conditions (21.2 ± 4.28 vs. 22.4 ± 4.08 Hz, P = 0.09). There was no difference between conditions in the number (101 vs. 88, respectively) and distribution of MU classes during hypoxia, and afterdischarge duration was also similar.In this study, alcohol had a very minor effect on genioglossal activity and afterdischarge in these otherwise healthy young individuals studied while awake. If similar effects are observed during sleep, it would suggest that the worsening of OSA following alcohol may be related to increased upper airway resistance/nasal congestion or arousal threshold changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of alcohol on genioglossus single motor units in men and women during wakefulness

Avraam

Dawson

Nicholas

et al. 2022

Experimental Physiology

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“…As the blood ethanol concentration approaches 400 mg/dL, respiratory and circulatory functions are impaired and can ultimately induce a coma or lead to death (27). Ethanol intoxication can cause impairment of sensory processing of respiratory neural information as well as increased nasal resistance, reduced upper airway dilator muscle activity, and blunted arousal responses during sleep (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide with Vecuronium and Etomidate: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Detweiler

Mambo

2014

Academic Forensic Pathology

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A case of suicidal death due to intravenous self-administration of vecuronium and etomidate by a registered nurse is being reported. Toxicologic blood analysis showed a vecuronium concentration of 0.023 mg/L, an etomidate concentration of 0.041 μg/mL, and an ethanol concentration of 113 mg/dL. The autopsy, toxicologic analysis, and crime scene investigation findings indicated that this was suicidal death caused by respiratory failure secondary to vecuronium administration exacerbated by sedation secondary to etomidate and ethanol use. Review of the medical literature and popular press media has identified several instances in which vecuronium has been used in homicidal deaths, but it has identified few cases in which vecuronium or etomidate, alone or in conjunction with another drug, have been used to commit suicide.

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“…Yet sleep apnea is not restricted to obese patients 84 and other factors such as reduced UA muscle activity (e.g. due to sedatives or alcohol) 85 may lead to decreased UA patency and apneas during sleep 86 , 87 .…”

Section: Why Does Osa Occur and How Can The Perioperative Setting Affmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perioperative sleep apnea: a real problem or did we invent a new disease?

2016

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Depending on the subpopulation, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can affect more than 75% of surgical patients. An increasing body of evidence supports the association between OSA and perioperative complications, but some data indicate important perioperative outcomes do not differ between patients with and without OSA. In this review we will provide an overview of the pathophysiology of sleep apnea and the risk factors for perioperative complications related to sleep apnea. We also discuss a clinical algorithm for the identification and management of OSA patients facing surgery.

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Alcohol Alters Sensory Processing to Respiratory Stimuli in Healthy Men and Women During Wakefulness

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

The influence of alcohol on genioglossus single motor units in men and women during wakefulness

The influence of alcohol on genioglossus single motor units in men and women during wakefulness

Suicide with Vecuronium and Etomidate: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Perioperative sleep apnea: a real problem or did we invent a new disease?

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