Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment in Three Different Populations: Is There Improvement and is It Predictable?

At, McLellan; Luborsky, Lester; Cp, O'Brien; Hl, Barr; Evans, Frederick M. G.

doi:10.3109/00952998609083746

Cited by 108 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, in a longitudinal study of a Canadian population-based sample, Mann et al (2006) reported a negative relationship between AA membership and homicide mortality rates in men (but not in women). Moreover, individuals in treatment for drug addiction, or for substance use problems more generally, have been shown to improve on legal outcomes using either 12-step or formal interventions (McLellan et al, 1986;Ouimette et al, 1997Ouimette et al, , 1998. In accordance with these studies, we examined the connection between the duration of participation in AA and professional treatment and changes in legal problems among women and men, as well as potential moderation of this relationship via gender.…”

Section: Change In Impulsivity Participation In Aa and Treatment Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment, Alcoholics Anonymous, and 16-Year Changes in Impulsivity and Legal Problems Among Men and Women With Alcohol Use Disorders

Blonigen

Timko

Moos

et al. 2009

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:The link between impulsive personality traits and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is well established. No studies, however, have investigated whether receipt of help for AUDs predicts change in impulsivity or whether such change is associated with relevant outcomes such as legal problems. The present study examined predictive associations between the duration of help for AUDs (Alcoholics Anonymous [AA], professional treatment) and impulsivity and legal problems over 16 years in men and women with AUDs. Method: Participants who were initially untreated for their AUDs (n men = 332, n women = 296) completed follow-up telephone interviews at 1 and 16 years after their baseline assessment. Results: Impulsivity and legal problems declined between baseline and the 1-year and 16-year follow-ups among both women and men. A longer duration of participation in AA predicted a decline in impulsivity at both follow-up assessments, and, in turn, a decline in impulsivity predicted a decline in legal problems at Years 1 and 16. In addition, a longer duration of participation in AA predicted fewer legal problems at Year 1, and this association was moderated by gender (signifi cant in men) and impulsivity (signifi cant for individuals with higher baseline scores). Conclusions: The results highlight the potential for AA and professional treatment to reduce the expression of impulsivity and related disinhibitory traits and legal problems in individuals with AUDs. (J. Stud. Alcohol

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Section: Change In Impulsivity Participation In Aa and Treatment Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment, Alcoholics Anonymous, and 16-Year Changes in Impulsivity and Legal Problems Among Men and Women With Alcohol Use Disorders

Blonigen

Timko

Moos

et al. 2009

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…This saves lives, reduces criminal activity, improves social functioning and enhances the quality of life of the individual. [13][14][15] The longer the treatment the better the outcome. 16,17 Providing treatment to substance abusers is not easy.…”

Section: -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Problems with Inpatient Drug users in Jeddah

Iqbal

2001

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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Background:To identify problems associated with the treatment of inpatient drug users in Jeddah, and suggest ways of improving the delivery of health care service to these drug users. Subjects and Methods: Three hundred and two subjects with substance dependence who were admitted to the Voluntary Detoxification Unit of Al Amal Hospital, Jeddah, between January and April 1997 (inclusive) were studied. A data gathering form was designed to collect relevant information. Outcome was recorded after discharge or transfer from the unit. Results: Over half the subjects were single, unemployed, without high school education and came to the hospital unaccompanied. About 68.21% used heroin and 21.52% used alcohol. About 87.86% were intravenous drug users (IVDUs) and 54.69% started injecting from the outset. Just under half of the subjects were from outside Jeddah. There were regional variations in the choice of abused drugs. Most inpatients were on their first or second admission. The vast majority of subjects were readmitted within a year of discharge, and 44.70% gave no specific reason for their hospitalization. Unaided abstinence was reported by 42.71% and post-treatment abstinence by 57.52%. On admission, 57.14% expressed no desire to complete the program. About 54.63% were discharged after receiving medical detoxification, and 7.61% went on to have drug rehabilitation. Conclusion:The main finding of the study was that very few drug users were committed to completing the treatment program. There is a need to review the related factors that may be responsible for this situation. Changes have to be made to improve compliance and increase retention of the inpatient program. Contractual and probationary treatment of drug users should be initiated. Current restrictions on admissions have to be eased. There should also be a decentralization and development of local services, as well as a reappraisal of addiction services.

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“…28 In addition to the medical history, demographic information and drug use history information were obtained from the Addiction Severity Index. 27 The metric, joints per week, was determined from the subjects self-reported drug history. The heavy users smoked the equivalent of 130.8±73.0 joints per week (n = 20; range 78-350).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy marijuana users show increased serum apolipoprotein C-III levels: evidence from proteomic analyses

Jayanthi¹,

S²,

Moore³

et al. 2008

Mol Psychiatry

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Marijuana (MJ) is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States. Its abuse is associated with cognitive dysfunctions and increased resistance to blood flow in the cerebral vasculature. In addition, MJ abuse is associated with increased risks of potentially serious cardiovascular disorders. In the present study, we used the protein chip platform based on surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (SELDI-TOF-MS) to test the possibility that MJ abuse might be associated with changes in serum protein levels. Indeed, MJ users showed significant increases in three protein peaks, which were identified as three isoforms of apolipoprotein (apo) C-III. Immunoprecipitation using an apoC-III antibody also validated the identification of the proteins. Marijuana-induced increases in apoC-III levels might occur through chronic stimulation of hepatic cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and/or CB2) by its active ingredient, D 9 tetrahydrocannibol (THC). Thus, chronic MJ abuse might cause increased transcription and/or translation of apoC-III in the liver with corresponding changes reflected in the plasma of these patients. In any case, because apoC-III is a cardiovascular risk factor, the increased levels observed in MJ users might explain, in part, the cardiac and cerebral abnormalities reported in these patients.

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Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment in Three Different Populations: Is There Improvement and is It Predictable?

Cited by 108 publications

References 13 publications

Treatment, Alcoholics Anonymous, and 16-Year Changes in Impulsivity and Legal Problems Among Men and Women With Alcohol Use Disorders

Treatment, Alcoholics Anonymous, and 16-Year Changes in Impulsivity and Legal Problems Among Men and Women With Alcohol Use Disorders

Problems with Inpatient Drug users in Jeddah

Heavy marijuana users show increased serum apolipoprotein C-III levels: evidence from proteomic analyses

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