“…Zayas (1992) found that Latino compared to European American parents were typically younger, less educated, employed at lower paying jobs, and poorer, thereby placing their children at great risk for adverse social, health, and developmental outcomes, including family dysfunction. Other studies among the Latino population have found that poverty, single-parent families, parental substance abuse (Davis, 1990;Flanzer, 1990), paternal unemployment (Gillham, Tanner, & Cheyne, 1998), and social isolation (Coohey, 2001) were correlated with child abuse (Fontes, 2002). A mother's history of child abuse and neglect was predictive of her use of physical or verbal punishment (Ferrari, 2002).…”