Alcohol and the appetizer effect

Yeomans, Martin R.; Hails, N. J.; Nešić, Jelena

doi:10.1097/00008877-199903000-00004

Cited by 59 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…Disinhibition of restraint may, however, in some cases, not be involved in the increased food intake with alcohol drinking as alcoholic fruit juice compared to non-alcoholic fruit juice has been reported to promote food intake in unrestrained but not in restrained men. 4 The 2-week in-patient study was also in line with findings from a 7-day self record study where food intake seemed to be independent of alcohol intake, both on a between-subjects and between-meals level, yielding higher total energy intakes with alcohol. 14 On the other hand there was no implication in that study of a true facilitation of food intake by alcohol, although the meals were more prolonged if consumed with alcoholic beverages.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effect of wine or beer versus a carbonated soft drink, served at a meal, on ad libitum energy intake

Buemann¹,

Toubro²,

Astrup³

2002

Int J Obes

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BACKGROUND: Alcoholic beverage drinking may increase total energy intake at a meal by various mechanisms and this effect may depend on the sort of beverage. OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of wine, beer and a soft drink served with a normal meal on food and total energy intake in nonobese men. DESIGN: A supper meal consisting of three consecutive dishes was presented to 22 young men. Ad libitum energy intakes (EI) of the meal were measured at three different occasions in a cross-over design with red wine, lager beer or a carbonated soft drink. This was done in two studies with different design. In the first study the beverages were supplied ad libitum and in a second study the intake of the beverages was fixed: beer and soft drink at 9 ml=kg body weight and wine isoalcoholic to beer, 3.185 ml=kg body weight. RESULTS: In the ad libitum beverage study total EI was higher with wine than with the soft drink and beer (P < 0.05). In the fixed beverage study differences in total EI did not reach statistical significance (P ¼ 0.14), although the intake of goulash was higher with wine and beer than with the soft drink (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that alcoholic beverages, and wine in particular, may enhance total EI at a meal relative to a soft drink, when served with no restriction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The effect of wine or beer versus a carbonated soft drink, served at a meal, on ad libitum energy intake

Buemann¹,

Toubro²,

Astrup³

2002

Int J Obes

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“…Anecdotal and experimental evidence shows that alcohol stimulates appetite in general (Caton et al, 2004;Hetherington et al, 2001;Yeomans et al, 1999), and a first or "priming" drink is thought to increase the likelihood of subsequent drinking. In fact, Jellinek's (1960) disease model of alcoholism is predicated on this idea that loss of control drinking is primed by the first drink.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume and dose effects of experimenter-administered ethanol preloads on ethanol seeking and self-administration

Czachowski

Prutzman

DeLory

2006

Alcohol

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The present experiment used a behavioral model developed to separate the initial behavior required to obtain access to ethanol (appetitive responding, or lever-presses) from the actual selfadministration (consummatory responding, or intake) to test the hypothesis that these responses are under the control of different behavioral/physiological processes, and therefore differentially affected by an ethanol priming dose. In male, Long Evans rats, "preload" volume (0.5 and 2.0 ml) and dose (approximately 10%, 25% and 50% of the total normally consumed in non-treatment sessions translating to 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg) of ethanol were varied and administered by the experimenter via oral gavage prior to an operant session. Overall, there were no priming effects, or increases, in ethanol-reinforced responding resulting from the ethanol preloads. The findings showed that the low preload volume produced linear, dose-dependent decreases in both intake and seeking. However, while the high volume also produced a linear dose-dependent decrease in ethanol-seeking, there was a decrease in intake at every dose. That is, ethanol-seeking was insensitive to preload volume, while intake was affected in a dose-dependent manner except at the lowest dose when preload volume did play a role in intake regulation. These findings indicate that "fullness" and pharmacological cues differentially impact the appetitive and consummatory behaviors reinforced by ethanol solutions, with intake being more sensitive to preload volume and seeking being more sensitive to preload pharmacology.

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“…Although heavy alcohol intake is detected sooner or later by typical clinical signs or laboratory test results, there is no reliable clinical compensated for by other means. This risk is increased by the combination of a high -fat diet and even moderate alcohol intake because of the hyperphagic effect of alcohol (Yeomans, et al , 1999 ). Alcohol substitution (i.e.…”

Section: Effects Of Alcohol On Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol: Its Role in Nutrition and Health

Suter

2012

Present Knowledge in Nutrition

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In view of the importance of alcoholic beverages in daily life as well as its absolute priority in metabolism, alcohol has considerable potential to affect the nutritional status and metabolism of all essential nutrients including the different energy sources. In view of the great variability among alcohol drinkers in patterns of drinking, amounts ingested, ingestion of other nutrients, metabolic characteristics, genetic factors, and lifestyle characteristics (such as exercise or smoking behavior), the effects of alcohol on nutritional status and disease risk are very heterogeneous. Alcohol -associated malnutrition includes both primary and secondary malnutrition. Because of the comparatively high energy content of alcohol, it displaces other energy sources and thus many essential nutrients in the diet, thereby lowering the intake of most nutrients (primary malnutrition). Gastrointestinal and metabolic complications of heavy alcohol intake (especially liver dysfunction) lead to so -called secondary malnutrition. Anorexia and vomiting from alcoholic gastritis further promote inadequate intakes of food. Malabsorption of nearly all nutrients can develop as a result of mucosal dysfunction, liver insuffi ciency, and pancreatic insuffi ciency. Alcoholic liver dysfunction causes a reduced capacity to transport nutrients in the blood, a reduced storage capacity, and an insuffi cient activation of nutrients such as vitamins. In addition, alcohol increases the excretion of nutrients in the urine and bile. In alcoholic patients, several mechanisms for the development of malnutrition usually occur simultaneously.The effect of alcohol on morbidity and mortality is biphasic, and the relationship is J -shaped: low levels of ingestion are associated with reduced morbidity and mortality risks, whereas abstinence and higher levels of ingestion are associated with a higher mortality risk due to different cancers, alcoholic liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmias, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and stroke. The reduced mortality risk at lower intakes is explained by the risk of coronary artery disease and a reduced risk of ischemic stroke. The amount of alcohol ingestion at the nadir of mortality risk is not known and varies from study to study and from one individual to another. The hallmark of excessive alcohol intake is metabolic and structural alterations at the level of the liver, and liver cirrhosis is the leading cause of death in heavy drinkers.Often, both positive and negative effects occur. In view of the heterogeneity of responses for any given alcohol dose, the formulation of public health recommendations for safe consumption levels is becoming increasingly diffi cult. In any case, alcohol should not be recommended for health reasons or for health maintenance, especially as long as there are no specifi c, sensitive predictors for harmful alcohol use and abuse. In the setting of an overall healthy lifestyle with respect to nutrition and physical activity, light to moderate alcohol consumptio...

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Alcohol and the appetizer effect

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of wine or beer versus a carbonated soft drink, served at a meal, on ad libitum energy intake

The effect of wine or beer versus a carbonated soft drink, served at a meal, on ad libitum energy intake

Volume and dose effects of experimenter-administered ethanol preloads on ethanol seeking and self-administration

Alcohol: Its Role in Nutrition and Health

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