Alcohol and tobacco use among males in two districts in Sri Lanka

Silva, V de; Samarasinghe, Diyanath; Gunawardena, Nalika

doi:10.4038/cmj.v54i4.1452

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It has been reported that the prevalence of smoking is modestly higher in urban populations (29.9%) than in rural areas (24.4%) of Sri Lanka (13). Considering that our study population is from Ragama, a semi-urban setting, a similar prevalence could be expected.…”

Section: Discussion Prevalence Of Smoking In Schizophreniasupporting

confidence: 53%

Tobacco smoking in persons with schizophrenia followed up at a teaching hospital in Sri Lanka

Edrisinghe¹,

Wijesinghe²,

Williams³

et al. 2014

Sri Lanka J. Psyc.

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BackgroundStudies in Western populations indicate that the prevalence of smoking in patients with schizophrenia ranges from 70-90%. Data from low and middle income countries is sparse. AimsTo determine the prevalence of smoking in patients with schizophrenia, and to identify probable associations. MethodologyThe study was conducted at the psychiatry outpatient clinics of Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama. Consecutive outpatients who met ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were invited to answer an interviewer administered, pre-tested questionnaire on socio-demographic status, smoking habits, disease and treatment related characteristics. The Fagerstrom's Test for Nicotine Dependence was used to grade the level of nicotine addiction. ResultsOf the 400 patients with schizophrenia, 171 (42.8%) were smokers. Of them 150 (87.7%) were dependent on nicotine. In terms of Fagerstrom's Test, high dependence was seen in 3.3% (n=5) while 39.2% (n=59) and 57.3% (n=86) reported moderate and low dependence respectively. All the smokers were male. For a majority of the patients the age of initiation of smoking was between 16-25 years, correlating with the onset of schizophrenia. Interestingly, most of the smokers (63.2%) were keen to quit smoking. Participants who smoked were significantly more likely to misuse other substances (p=0.001) and to suffer from physical illnesses (p=0.0001), compared to non-smokers. Smokers were also significantly more likely to be on intramuscular depot antipsychotics (p=0.032), whereas non-smokers in contrast, were more likely to be on atypical antipsychotics (p=0.0001). ConclusionA dual diagnosis of schizophrenia and nicotine dependence could be made in nearly half of our study population with schizophrenia. Although these rates are lower than in western populations, it is an issue that needs to be addressed in the treatment.

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Section: Discussion Prevalence Of Smoking In Schizophreniasupporting

confidence: 53%

Tobacco smoking in persons with schizophrenia followed up at a teaching hospital in Sri Lanka

Edrisinghe¹,

Wijesinghe²,

Williams³

et al. 2014

Sri Lanka J. Psyc.

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“…A study conducted in two urban and rural districts in the country revealed that the prevalence of current drinking in the urban areas (32.9%) was significantly higher than in rural areas (20.8%) [19]. In literature, there is a paucity of large studies on the epidemiology of alcohol consumption in Sri Lanka, which is a drawback in planning and implementing strategies on alcohol related problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, patterns and correlates of alcohol consumption and its’ association with tobacco smoking among Sri Lankan adults: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMost studies on alcohol consumption carried out in Sri Lanka are limited to single/few provinces in the island. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, patterns and correlates of alcohol consumption among a larger sample of adults in Sri Lanka.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in seven of all nine provinces in Sri Lanka, between 2005 and 2006. A nationally representative sample of 5000 adults aged ≥18 years was selected using multi-stage random cluster sampling. Data of 4532 participants were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Data analysis included chi-squared test, multiple logistic regression analysis and Spearman correlation using Stata/SE 10.0 (StataCorp LP., Texas, USA) software package.ResultsMales were 40%; mean age was 46.1 years (±15.1). The overall, urban and rural prevalence (95% CI) of current drinking was 23.7% (21.7 – 25.7), 29.5% (25.7 – 33.3) and 22.2% (19.8 – 24.7) respectively (p = 0.001). Current (M: 48.1%, F: 1.2%, p < 0.0001) and former (M: 21.4%, F: 0.7%, p < 0.0001) drinking was much higher in males. The highest prevalence of drinking in males (58.9%) and females (2.2%) was in the 30 – 39 and <20 year age groups respectively. Lowest prevalence in men (24.6%) and women (0%) was in the >70 years age-group. Hazardous drinking was seen in 5.2% of men and 0.02% of women. Male sex, urban living and current smoking correlated with both current and hazardous drinking. Lower level of education, and age >70 years positively correlated with hazardous drinking.ConclusionsAlcohol is predominantly a problem in Sri Lankan males. In males, both current and hazardous drinking positively correlated with urban living, white collar occupation, Burgher ethnicity and current smoking. Hazardous drinking positively correlated with lower level of education and older age. The data shown here are useful in planning interventions simultaneously targeting alcohol and tobacco.

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“…Nearly 30% of males were alcohol users and prevalence of smoking among males was 26.8%. De Silva et al reported that in 2009 prevalence of alcohol use among males was 32.9% and the prevalence of smoking was 29.9% in urban areas and 24.4% in rural areas [12]. Pathmeswarn et al reported that in 1997 prevalence of alcohol use among the males as 33.3%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of coronary artery disease in a semi urban population in Southern Sri Lanka

Jayawardene

Samarutilake²,

Zackie

et al. 2017

Ceylon Med. J.

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Introduction Prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is on the rise in Sri Lanka resulting in high hospital mortality rates. Because of paucity of community based data on CAD we carried out this study to assess prevalence of CAD and associated factors in a suburban population in Southern Sri Lanka.Methods A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among community living adults aged 30 years or more in Bope-Poddala Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area. Total of 1000 eligible individuals were recruited using cluster sampling. Cardiovascular Questionnaire of London School of Hygiene was administered to each participant by trained data collectors. CAD was diagnosed using criteria by Epstein and colleagues and electrocardiograms were classified according to the Minnesota code by a Cardiologist blinded to participant details [9,10].Results Total of 579 (57.9%) females and 421 (42.1%) males were studied. Mean age of the group was 53 years. Among the participants 32% had cardiovascular risk related non communicable diseases (NCDs) and 22.2% had a family history of the same. Prevalence of CAD was 6.9% (95% CI: 5.33 -0.47) and silent ischaemia was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.29 -3.11). Only gender and past history of cardiovascular risk related NCDs emerged as predictors of CAD.Conclusion CAD was more prevalent among males and those with past history of cardiovascular risk related NCDs. Community based preventive programmes should be implemented to minimize the adverse impact of CAD.

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Alcohol and tobacco use among males in two districts in Sri Lanka

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Tobacco smoking in persons with schizophrenia followed up at a teaching hospital in Sri Lanka

Tobacco smoking in persons with schizophrenia followed up at a teaching hospital in Sri Lanka

Prevalence, patterns and correlates of alcohol consumption and its’ association with tobacco smoking among Sri Lankan adults: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence of coronary artery disease in a semi urban population in Southern Sri Lanka

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