Alcohol consumption and body weight change in postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative

Thomson, Cynthia A.; Wertheim, Betsy C.; Hingle, Melanie; Wang, L.; Neuhouser, Marian L.; Gong, Zhihong; Garcı́a, Lorena; Stefanick, Marcia L.; Manson, JoAnn E.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.84

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The association between alcohol consumption and BMI has been equivocal in epidemiologic studies (39). In our heterogeneity-corrected analysis, alcohol consumption was negatively associated with BMI among women, as supported by prior work (40,41), but not among men, suggesting possible sex differences. Our findings and those of others (42,43) indicate that marriage is positively associated with BMI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Instrumental-Variables Simultaneous Equations Model of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index

Meyer

Guilkey²,

Tien³

et al. 2016

Am. J. Epidemiol.

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We used full-system-estimation instrumental-variables simultaneous equations modeling (IV-SEM) to examine physical activity relative to body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2 ) using 25 years of data (1985/1986 to 2010/2011) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (n = 5,115; ages 18-30 years at enrollment). Neighborhood environment and sociodemographic instruments were used to characterize physical activity, fast-food consumption, smoking, alcohol consumption, marriage, and childbearing (women) and to predict BMI using semiparametric full-information maximum likelihood estimation to control for unobserved timeinvariant and time-varying residual confounding and differential measurement error through model-derived discrete random effects. Comparing robust-variance ordinary least squares, random-effects regression, fixed-effects regression, single-equation-estimation IV-SEM, and full-system-estimation IV-SEM, estimates from random-and fixed-effects models and the full-system-estimation IV-SEM were unexpectedly similar, despite the lack of control for residual confounding with the random-effects estimator. Ordinary least squares tended to overstate the significance of health behaviors in BMI, while results from single-equation-estimation IV-SEM were notably different, revealing the impact of weak instruments in standard instrumental-variable methods. Our robust findings for fixed effects (which does not require instruments but has a high cost in lost degrees of freedom) and full-system-estimation IV-SEM (vs. standard IV-SEM) demonstrate potential for a full-system-estimation IV-SEM method even with weak instruments. body mass index; endogeneity; epidemiologic methods; fixed effects; health behaviors; instrumental variables; semiparametric methods; simultaneous equations Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; CI, confidence interval; FIML, full-information maximum likelihood; GMM, generalized method of moments; IV, instrumental variable; IV-SEM, instrumentalvariables simultaneous equations model/modeling; OLS, ordinary least squares.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Instrumental-Variables Simultaneous Equations Model of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index

Meyer

Guilkey²,

Tien³

et al. 2016

Am. J. Epidemiol.

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“…After adjusting for many confounders, observational studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between light or moderate alcohol use and reduced risk of several diseases and health problems, as shown in the following list: • Alzheimer's disease/dementia [1][2][3] • Asthma [4] • Autoimmune hypothyroidism [5] • Colorectal cancer [6] • Common cold [7] • Coronary heart disease [8,9] • Diabetes (type 2) [10] • Gallstones [11] • Hearing loss [12,13] • Intermittent claudication [14] • Liver cirrhosis [15] • Low birth weight, prematurity [16] • Lower urinary tract symptoms (in men) [17] • Metabolic syndrome [18] • Negative child development [19][20][21] • Osteoporosis [22][23][24][25] • Overweight [26][27][28] • Psychiatric disorders [29][30][31][32] • Renal cell cancer [33] • Rheumatoid arthritis [34][35][36] • Stroke (ischaemic) [37] • General health status [38,39] • All cancer mortality [40] • Total mortality [41] For the majority of these diseases and health problems, the correlation has been confirmed in more than one study. For seven of these, several studies and metaanalyses have been published...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol—a universal preventive agent? A critical analysis

Fekjær¹

2013

Addiction

100

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Background In observational studies, moderate drinking is associated with a reduced risk of more than twenty different diseases and health problems. However, it would be premature to conclude that there is a causal relationship. Method This paper critically reviews the evidence for such associations. Findings It was found that reasons for questioning the causal association of moderate drinking and a reduced health risk are: the lack of dose-response relationships; the characteristics and lifestyles of today's abstainers and moderate drinkers; the lack of plausible biological mechanisms; the problems in the classification of drinking groups, and; the general limitations of observational studies. Conclusions The evidence for the harmful effects of alcohol is undoubtedly stronger than the evidence for beneficial effects.

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“…6 Behaviors responsible for weight gain in old ages have been evaluated in two large study samples. 7,8 In a prospective study of post menopausal women with a 7-year follow-up, those who reported a moderate alcohol intake showed lower weight gain and had less risk of becoming overweight or obese. 7 In a cohort of men aged 65 years at baseline, followed from 1988 to 1998, physical activity was protective against weight gain: 8 subjects enrolled in 70 min/day of moderate intensity physical exercise were able to keep their weight stable over the 10-year follow-up period.…”

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confidence: 99%