Alcohol Consumption and the Incidence of Hypertension in a Mediterranean Cohort: The SUN Study

Núñez‐Córdoba, Jorge M.; Martínez‐González, Miguel A.; Bes–Rastrollo, Maira; Beunza, Juan J.; Alonso, Álvaro

doi:10.1016/s1885-5857(09)72227-3

Cited by 19 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with studies that have established a linear relationship between daily consumption of more than 3 drinks of alcohol and the increased risk of hypertension [24]. Recently, among the Spaniards, alcohol consumption specifically beer and spirits have been implicated with high incidence of hypertension [25]. The mechanisms of action of alcohol on cardiovascular system are well documented.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Our study showed a relationship between infrequent consumption and hypertension. The inverse relationship between fruits, vegetables consumption, and hypertension is well documented [25]. For instance, in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) study, diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products with reduced saturated fat were shown to reduce systolic BP by 5 mmHg [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological, Behavioral, and Dietary Characteristics Associated with Hypertension among Kenyan Defence Forces

Mundan

Muiva

Kimani

2013

ISRN Preventive Medicine

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Background. Hypertensive disease is increasing in developing countries due to nutritional transition and westernization. Hypertensive disease among Kenya military may be lower because of health-focused recruitment, physical activities, routine checkups, and health awareness and management, but the disease has been increasing. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine physiological, behavioral, and dietary characteristics associated with hypertension among Kenyan military. Methods. A cross-sectional study involving 340 participants was conducted at Armed Forces Memorial Hospital. Participants' history, risk factors assessment, and dietary patterns were obtained by structured questionnaire, while physiological and anthropometric parameters were measured. Results. Hypertensive participants were likely to have higher age, physiological, and anthropometric measurements, and they participated in peace missions. Daily alcohol and smoking, frequent red meat, and inadequate fruits and vegetables were associated with hypertension. Conclusions. The findings mimic the main risk factors and characteristics for hypertensive disease in developed countries whose lifestyle adoption is happening fast in low and middle-income countries. Whether or not prediction rules and/or risk scores may identify at-risk individuals for preventive strategy for targeted behavioral interventions among this population require investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological, Behavioral, and Dietary Characteristics Associated with Hypertension among Kenyan Defence Forces

Mundan

Muiva

Kimani

2013

ISRN Preventive Medicine

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“…Although alcohol has shown some beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes, heavy drinking increases the risk of hypertension as in previous studies,26 27 yet its PAF was <5% in our population. Clinical variables such as high total cholesterol, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes increased the risk of hypertension as previous studies have shown 28 29…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Impact of urbanisation and altitude on the incidence of, and risk factors for, hypertension

Bernabé‐Ortiz

Carrillo‐Larco

Gilman

et al. 2017

Heart

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BackgroundMost of the data regarding the burden of hypertension in low-income and middle-income countries comes from cross-sectional surveys instead of longitudinal studies. We estimated the incidence of, and risk factors for, hypertension in four study sites with different degree of urbanisation and altitude.MethodsData from the CRONICAS Cohort Study, conducted in urban, semiurban and rural areas in Peru, was used. An age-stratified and sex-stratified random sample of participants was taken from the most updated census available in each site. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or self-report physician diagnosis and current treatment. The exposures were study site and altitude as well as modifiable risk factors. Incidence, incidence rate ratios (IRRs), 95% CIs and population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were estimated using generalised linear models.ResultsInformation from 3237 participants, mean age 55.8 (SD±12.7) years, 48.4% males, was analysed. Overall baseline prevalence of hypertension was 19.7% (95% CI 18.4% to 21.1%). A total of 375 new cases of hypertension were recorded, including 5266 person-years of follow-up, with an incidence of 7.12 (95% CI 6.44 to 7.88) per 100 person-years. Individuals from semiurban site were at higher risk of hypertension compared with highly urbanised areas (IRR=1.76; 95% CI 1.39 to 2.23); however, those from high-altitude sites had a reduced risk (IRR=0.74; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.95). Obesity was the leading risk factor for hypertension with a great variation according to study site with PAF ranging from 12.5% to 42.4%.ConclusionsOur results suggest heterogeneity in the progression towards hypertension depending on urbanisation and site altitude.

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“…Whether levels of alcohol intake within recommended limits (including the absence of binge drinking) raise blood pressure remains an active area of investigation. Some studies have found higher risk with even moderate intake [184], but others have not [185,186] and Klatsky and colleagues [187] suggest any observed risk is due to underreporting of intake. Heavier drinking clearly leads to hypertension, and indeed this is among the most consistent and earliest recognized adverse effects of heavy drinking [188].…”

Section: Alcohol and Metabolic Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Metabolic Syndrome

Djoussé¹,

Padilla²,

Nelson³

et al. 2010

EMIDDT

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Given the higher burden of risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) on morbidity and mortality, it is critical to prevent the development of metabolic syndrome in the first place. While dietary habits have been favorably associated with some of the factors included in the definition of metabolic syndrome, limited and inconsistent data have been reported on the role of nutrition in the development of metabolic syndrome. Currently, there is no consensus as to which dietary patterns would confer the lowest risk of MetS. Identification of dietary patterns, food groups, or nutrients that may lower the incidence of metabolic syndrome could improve prevention strategies as well as prognosis among subjects with existing MetS. This manuscript reviews current evidence on dietary patterns, consumption of fat, whole grains, carbohydrate quality and quantity, and moderate alcohol consumption as they relate to metabolic syndrome.

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Alcohol Consumption and the Incidence of Hypertension in a Mediterranean Cohort: The SUN Study

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Physiological, Behavioral, and Dietary Characteristics Associated with Hypertension among Kenyan Defence Forces

Physiological, Behavioral, and Dietary Characteristics Associated with Hypertension among Kenyan Defence Forces

Impact of urbanisation and altitude on the incidence of, and risk factors for, hypertension

Diet and Metabolic Syndrome

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