Alcohol Consumption by Young Actively Growing Rats

Sampson, H. Wayne; Chaffin, Catherine; Lange, Jason; DeFee, Buren

doi:10.1097/00000374-199704000-00026

Cited by 8 publications

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“…The different result can be explained by animal studies whose results implied that the alcohol-related bone deficiencies during adolescence and young adulthood may be caused by decreasing the activity of growth plate at the end of femur, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in the blood and maturity of the bone, rather than a loss of bone itself. 9 31 32 Since the majority of previous studies have been conducted with postmenopausal women, more studies are needed with more precise and appropriate designs to confirm our findings, especially the effects of moderate drinking on bone health and the more detrimental effect of alcohol on femur than lumbar BMD of young Korean women in their twenties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Association between alcohol consumption and Korean young women's bone health: a cross sectional study from the 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

et al. 2015

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ObjectivesTo assess the association between alcohol consumption and healthy Korean young women bone by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores and drinking consumption; frequency and amount.DesignCross-sectional study composed of three parts: health interview, health examination, nutrition survey.Setting2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ParticipantsOf the 21 303 participants whose bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed, 1176 healthy women aged 19–30 years were selected.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMean BMD T-scores of the total femur (TF), femur neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LB) by drinking consumption and AUDIT scores, and the odds of having a low BMD (T-score <−1) at the sites by AUDIT scores.ResultsAfter adjustment, lower BMD was found at three sites in those who drank more and had higher AUDIT scores. These associations were significant by AUDIT scores at TF (p=0.002) and FN (p=0.004) and by drinking frequency and amount at FN (p=0.029 and 0.039, respectively). The adjusted OR of having low BMD increased significantly, particularly at FN, in those who had higher AUDIT scores such as 16–17 harmful drinking (OR 4.31; 95% CI 1.16 to 16.06) and 20–40 alcohol dependence (OR 5.99; 95% CI 1.69 to 21.21), compared with young women who scored 0–7 low-risk drinking or abstinence. No beneficial effect of moderate drinking was observed at any of the sites and the association between alcohol consumption and bone health was most evident at FN.ConclusionsIt is crucial to promote the awareness of alcohol harm on Korean young women's bone health. At the same time, since alcohol's effect on the bone is complex with cumulative effects of various factors over the years and there is an absence of studies with young women in their twenties, more studies, in particular for FN, are needed with more precise and appropriate design to confirm our findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Association between alcohol consumption and Korean young women's bone health: a cross sectional study from the 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

et al. 2015

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“…High levels of alcohol, whether administered continuously in a liquid diet [64, 65], intermittently as a model for binge drinking [66], or by total enteral nutrition [67], have been shown to suppress bone growth in rats. Although small rodents do not normally exhibit intracortical bone remodeling, they do remodel cortical bone at the endocortical surface and several important bone regulating hormones (e.g., estrogen and parathyroid hormone) have been shown to modify marrow cavity volume and cortical bone thickness by regulating endocortical bone formation and resorption [68, 69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twelve months of voluntary heavy alcohol consumption in male rhesus macaques suppresses intracortical bone remodeling

Gaddini

Grant

Woodall

et al. 2015

Bone

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Chronic heavy alcohol consumption is a risk factor for cortical bone fractures in males. The increase in fracture risk may be due, in part, to reduced bone quality. Intracortical (osteonal) bone remodeling is the principle mechanism for maintaining cortical bone quality. However, it is not clear how alcohol abuse impacts intracortical bone remodeling. This study investigated the effects of long-duration heavy alcohol consumption on intracortical bone remodeling in a non-human primate model. Following a 4-month induction period, male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, n = 21) were allowed to voluntarily self-administer water or alcohol (4% ethanol w/v) for 22 h/d, 7 d/wk for 12 months. Control monkeys (n = 13) received water and an isocaloric maltose-dextrin solution. Tetracycline hydrochloride was administered orally 17 and 3 days prior to sacrifice for determination of active mineralization sites. Animals in the alcohol group consumed 2.7 ± 0.2 g alcohol/kg/d (mean ± SE) during the 12 months of self-administration, resulting in a mean daily blood alcohol concentration of 77 ± 9 mg/dl from samples taken at 7 h after the start of a daily session. However, blood alcohol concentration varied widely from day to day, with peak levels exceeding 250 mg/dl, modeling a binge-drinking pattern of alcohol consumption. The skeletal response to alcohol was determined by densitometry, microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry. Significant differences in tibial bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and cortical bone architecture (cross-sectional volume, cortical volume, marrow volume, cortical thickness, and polar moment of inertia) in the tibial diaphysis were not detected with treatment. However, cortical porosity was lower (1.8 ± 0.5 % versus 0.6 ± 0.1 %, p = 0.021) and labeled osteon density was lower (0.41 ± 0.2/mm2 versus 0.04 ± 0.01/mm2, p < 0.003) in alcohol-consuming monkeys compared to controls, indicating a reduced rate of intracortical bone remodeling. In concordance, plasma CTx was lower (2.5 ± 0.3 ng/ml versus 1.7 ± 0.1 ng/ml, p = 0.028) in the alcohol group. These results suggest that chronic heavy alcohol consumption may negatively impact bone health, in part, by suppressing intracortical bone remodeling.

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“…Alcohol exposure in non-pregnant, four-week-old actively growing rats decreased ultimate femoral cortical strength and maximum breaking force (Hogan et al, 1997), reduced bone density and bone mass in femora and tibiae (Sampson et al, 1996) and stopped tibial epiphyseal growth rate and proliferation (Sampson et al, 1997). Broulik et al administered alcohol to eight week old rat pups daily for three months, then tested femoral strength and found an approximate 12% reduction (Broulik et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Acidemia in Maternal Binge Alcohol-Induced Alterations in Fetal Bone Functional Properties

Sawant

Ramadoss

Hogan

et al. 2013

Alcohol Clin Exp Res

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Background Heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy negatively impacts the physical growth of the fetus. Though the deleterious effects of alcohol exposure during late gestation on fetal brain development are well documented, little is known about the effect on fetal bone mechanical properties or the underlying mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of late gestational chronic binge alcohol consumption and alcohol-induced acidemia, a critical regulator of bone health, on functional properties of the fetal skeletal system. Methods Suffolk ewes were mated and received intravenous infusions of saline or alcohol (1.75 g/kg) over 1 hour on 3 consecutive days per week followed by 4 days without treatment beginning on gestational day (GD) 109 and concluding on GD 132 (term= 147 days). The acidemia group was exposed to increased inspired fractional concentrations of CO2 to closely mimic the alcohol-induced decreases in maternal arterial pH seen in the alcohol group. Results Fetal femurs and tibias from the alcohol and acidemia groups were ~3-7% shorter in length compared to the control groups (P<0.05). Three point bending procedure demonstrated that fetal femoral ultimate strength (MPa) for the alcohol group was decreased (P<0.05) by ~24% and ~29% while the acidemia group exhibited a similar decrease (P<0.05) of ~32% and 37% compared to the normal control and saline control groups, respectively. Bone extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical properties including maximum breaking force (N) and normalized breaking force (N/kg) of fetal bones from the alcohol and acidemia groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared to both control groups. Conclusions We conclude that late gestational chronic binge alcohol exposure reduces growth and impairs functional properties of the fetal skeletal system and that the repeated episodes of alcohol-induced maternal acidemia may be at least partially responsible for these effects.

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Alcohol Consumption by Young Actively Growing Rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Association between alcohol consumption and Korean young women's bone health: a cross sectional study from the 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Association between alcohol consumption and Korean young women's bone health: a cross sectional study from the 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Twelve months of voluntary heavy alcohol consumption in male rhesus macaques suppresses intracortical bone remodeling

The Role of Acidemia in Maternal Binge Alcohol-Induced Alterations in Fetal Bone Functional Properties

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