Alcohol Consumption Can Reduce the Risk of Gallstone Disease: A Systematic Review with a Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Case-Control and Cohort Studies

Hyo, Byung; Jang, Mijung; Lee, Sang Hyub

doi:10.5009/gnl18278

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…To date, evidence linking alcohol drinking with GSD is controversial ( 9 ). In this meta-analysis, we verify a negatively non-linear dose–response association between drinking alcohol grams per day and GSD risk, consistent with Cha et al ( 34 ), but the strict study design and dose definition are used in our study. We conclude that the association of GSD risk reduction appears to reach the limit when the dose is higher than 45 g/day, and this finding (J-shaped) is similar to that of Figueiredo et al ( 5 ), while the appropriate dose of alcohol-intake protects against GSD awaits future study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Addictive behavior and incident gallstone disease: A dose–response meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study

Bai

Zhang²,

Cui³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested associations between addictive behavior and gallstone disease (GSD) risk, yet conflicting results exist. It also remains unclear whether this association is causal or due to confounding or reverse associations. The present study aims to systematically analyze the epidemiological evidence for these associations, as well as estimate the potential causal relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsWe analyzed four common addictive behaviors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, coffee, and tea consumption (N = 126,906–4,584,729 participants) in this meta-analysis based on longitudinal studies. The two-sample MR was conducted using summary data from genome-wide associations with European ancestry (up to 1.2 million individuals).ResultsAn observational association of GSD risk was identified for smoking [RR: 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06–1.29)], drinking alcohol [0.84 (0.78–0.91)], consuming coffee [0.86 (0.79–0.93)], and tea [1.08 (1.04–1.12)]. Also, there was a linear relationship between smoking (pack-years), alcohol drinking (days per week), coffee consumption (cups per day), and GSD risk. Our MRs supported a causality of GSD incidence with lifetime smoking [1.008 (1.003–1.013), P = 0.001], current smoking [1.007 (1.002–1.011), P = 0.004], problematic alcohol use (PAU) [1.014 (1.001–1.026), P = 0.029], decaffeinated coffee intake (1.127 [1.043–1.217], P = 0.002), as well as caffeine-metabolism [0.997 (0.995–0.999), P = 0.013], and tea consumption [0.990 (0.982–0.997), P = 0.008], respectively.ConclusionOur study suggests cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, and decaffeinated coffee are causal risk factors for GSD, whereas tea consumption can decrease the risk of gallstones due to the effect of caffeine metabolism or polyphenol intake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Addictive behavior and incident gallstone disease: A dose–response meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study

Bai

Zhang²,

Cui³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…However, we cannot rule out the causal relationship between them, as a weak nonlinear relationship was reported. [ 46 ] Furthermore, nonlinear MR analysis should be carried out to explain it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into modifiable risk factors of cholelithiasis: A Mendelian randomization study

et al. 2021

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Background and Aims:The risk factors of cholelithiasis have not been clearly identified, especially for total cholesterol. Here, we try to identify these causal risk factors. Approach and Results:We obtained genetic variants associated with the exposures at the genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10 −8 ) level from corresponding genome-wide association studies. Summary-level statistical data for cholelithiasis were obtained from FinnGen and UK Biobank (UKB) consortia. Both univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to identify causal risk factors of cholelithiasis. Results from FinnGen and UKB were combined using the fixed-effect model. In FinnGen, the odds of cholelithiasis increased per 1-SD increase of body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.631, p = 2.16 × 10 −7 ), together with body fat percentage (OR = 2.108, p = 4.56 × 10 −3 ) and fasting insulin (OR = 2.340, p = 9.09 × 10 −3 ). The odds of cholelithiasis would also increase with lowering of total cholesterol (OR = 0.789, p = 8.34 × 10 −5 ) and low-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C) (OR = 0.792, p = 2.45 × 10 −4 ). However, LDL-C was not significant in multivariable MR. In UKB, the results of BMI, body fat percentage, total cholesterol, and LDL-C were replicated. In meta-analysis, the liability to type 2 diabetes mellitus and smoking could also increase the risk of cholelithiasis. Moreover, there were no associations with other predominant risk factors.Conclusions: Our MR study corroborated the risk factors of cholelithiasis from previous MR studies. Furthermore, lower total cholesterol level could be an independent risk factor.

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“…As for cholecystolithiasis or gallbladder disease, although drinking is a risk factor for biliary cancers, Byung et al [ 38 ]. found that drinking can reduce the risk of cholecystolithiasis by 16% (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.79–0.89).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of diet and nutrition related indicators in biliary diseases: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang

Wen

et al. 2022

Nutr Metab (Lond)

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Background Diet and nutrition, as a modifiable risk factor, have been demonstrated to play a significant role in the etiology of biliary diseases, whereas few comprehensive studies have been able to evaluate the strength and quality of these evidence. This umbrella review aims to evaluate the evidence pertaining risk factors for biliary diseases in terms of diet and nutrition-related indicators. Methods An umbrella review method was adopted: evidence from observational studies up to 22 November 2021 were identified using PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane database, as well as manual screening. Eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were: (1) meta analysis or systematic review; (2) The theme of the study is the relationship between diet or nutrition and biliary tract diseases; (3) Summarized and reported OR, RR or HR values and corresponding 95% CI; (4) No restrictions on the use of participants and languages; (5) Only extract the data of biliary tract diseases from multiple health outcomes; (6) Only the most recent studies on the same subject were included. This study had been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021293908). For each eligible systematic review and meta-analysis, we extracted the data of general characteristics and the main findings. The methodological quality of the meta-analyses included in our study were assessed by AMSTAR2 and the quality of evidence was evaluated by the GRADE. Results A total of 323 articles were searched, among which 24 articles with 83 unique outcomes were identified as eligible. 35 of these outcomes were downgraded in GRADE evaluation as they reported heterogeneity. In short, among 83 unique outcomes, 5 were rated as moderate, 16 as low, and the rest as very low. For the prevention of biliary tract diseases, emphasis should be placed on appropriately increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables, coffee and tea, and reducing the intake of alcohol, raw fish and foods with high nitrate. Meanwhile, weight, blood sugar and lipid levels should be controlled, and diabetes should be actively prevented and treated. Drinking is not recommended to prevent gallstones, although studies have shown that it may reduce the risk of cholecystolithiasis. Conclusions Our study summarizes the current multifaceted evidence on the relationship between dietary and nutritional indicators and biliary diseases, but the quality of all evidence was not high. Evidence from additional high-quality prospective studies are needed in the future.

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Alcohol Consumption Can Reduce the Risk of Gallstone Disease: A Systematic Review with a Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Case-Control and Cohort Studies

Cited by 30 publications

References 46 publications

Addictive behavior and incident gallstone disease: A dose–response meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study

Addictive behavior and incident gallstone disease: A dose–response meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study

Insights into modifiable risk factors of cholelithiasis: A Mendelian randomization study

The role of diet and nutrition related indicators in biliary diseases: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis

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