Alcohol Drinking in Young Adults: The Predictive Value of Personality when Peers Come Around

Schoor, Guido van; Bot, Sander M.; Engels, Rutger C. M. E.

doi:10.1159/000130416

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Their lack of trust may also lead them to disregard public health messages about the dangers of illicit drug use. Those who are high in Agreeableness, in contrast, tend to be rule followers and are more likely to conform to social norms than their more antagonistic peers (Van Schoor et al, 2008). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality traits and illicit substances: The moderating role of poverty

Sutin¹,

Evans²,

Zonderman³

2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Illicit substances increase risk of morbidity and mortality and have significant consequences for society. Personality traits are associated with drug use; we test whether these associations vary by socioeconomic status. Method Participants (N=412) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and self-reported use of opiates and cocaine. 50% of participants were living below 125% of the federal poverty line. Mean-level personality differences across never, former, and current opiate/cocaine users were compared. Logistic regressions compared never versus current users and interactions between personality traits and poverty status tested whether these associations varied by socioeconomic status. Results High Neuroticism and low Agreeableness increased risk of drug use. The association between low Conscientiousness and drug use was moderated by poverty, such that low Conscientiousness was a stronger risk factor for illicit substance use among those with relatively higher SES: For every standard deviation decrease in Conscientiousness, there was a greater than 2-fold increase in risk of illicit substance use (OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.45–3.17). Conscientiousness was unrelated to drug use among participants living below 125% of the federal poverty line. Conclusions Under favorable economic conditions, the tendency to be organized, disciplined, and deliberate is protective against drug use. These tendencies, however, matter less when financial resources are scarce. In contrast, those prone to emotional distress and antagonism are at greater risk for current drug use, regardless of their economic situation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality traits and illicit substances: The moderating role of poverty

Sutin¹,

Evans²,

Zonderman³

2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Kairouz et al (2002) sampled drinking occasions through a retrospective survey among college students and found that various reasons for drinking, such as to be sociable, to conform with others, to feel good, or to forget worries (all compared to drinking to enjoy the taste or to enhance a meal) increased alcohol use, as did a larger drinking group size. Another study found that college students scoring high on the agreeableness personality trait adapted their drinking behavior more easily to a high- or low-drinking peer group in a bar-laboratory setting than those who scored low on agreeableness (van Schoor et al 2008). In another study of drinking among college students, the time spent with friends was positively associated with alcohol use, as reported in daily assessments (Mohr et al 2005), while enhancement motives moderated this association.…”

Section: Interactions Between Drinking Motives and The Drinking Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Between Drinking Motives and Friends in Predicting Young Adults’ Alcohol Use

Thrul

Kuntsche

2016

Prev Sci

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While drinking motives are well-established proximal predictors of alcohol use, less is known about their role in event-level drinking behavior. The present study examines whether the interaction between individuals’ drinking motives and the number of friends present at a given moment can predict alcohol consumption over the course of the evening. Using the Internet-based cell phone-optimized assessment technique (ICAT), 183 young adults (53.0 % female, mean age =23.1) in French-speaking Switzerland completed cell phone questionnaires every Thursday, Friday, and Saturday evening over five weekends. A total of 7205 questionnaires completed on 1441 evenings were analyzed. Drinking motives and gender were assessed at baseline, while the hourly alcohol consumption rate and number of friends present were assessed at 8 p.m., 9 p.m., 10 p.m., 11 p.m., and midnight. Multilevel growth curve models with time-invariant and time-varying covariates were estimated for men and women separately. Among women, enhancement motives were associated with an increase in the hourly alcohol consumption rate over the course of the evening (b=.025; p <.05). The impact of the number of friends present on the hourly consumption rate was stronger among those women who scored high on coping motives at baseline (b=.028; p< .05). Among men, drinking motives were found to have no moderating effects. Results highlight the role of drinking motives and their interactions with situational characteristics in determining event-level drinking, especially among women. Strategies to prevent risky weekend drinking should focus on both the social environment in which drinking takes place (e.g., the drinking group) and individual drinking motives.

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“…The SDM provides a promising framework for investigating young adult problems because it incorporates empirically determined risk and protective factors across multiple life domains. The focus of the SDM on social influences may be especially apt for this period during which the alcohol-related norms and behaviors of peers and social networks have been found to be particularly important, both for both college and non-college young adults (Lau-Barraco & Collins, 2011; Overbeek et al, 2011; Talbott, Moore, & Usdan, 2012; van Schoor, Bot, & Engels, 2008; White, Fleming, Kim, Catalano, & McMorris, 2008). Here we extend the SDM into the mid 20s in order to investigate hypothesized social developmental processes in young adulthood and their relationship to later AUD symptoms.…”

Section: The Social Development Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young adult social development as a mediator of alcohol use disorder symptoms from age 21 to 30.

Kosterman

Hill

Lee

et al. 2014

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Little research has examined social development in the young adult years relative to childhood and adolescence. This study tested the hypothesized pathways of the social development model (SDM) in young adulthood for predicting symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and positive functioning at age 30. A longitudinal panel study originally drawn from Seattle, Washington, elementary schools was examined. The sample included 808 participants with high retention and was gender balanced and ethnically diverse. Analyses focused on ages 21, 27, and 30. SDM constructs were assessed with self-reports of past-year behavior and combined multiple life domains. AUD symptoms corresponding to DSM-IV criteria were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Positive functioning combined measures of constructive engagement in work and school, civic engagement, physical exercise, and lack of depressive symptoms. The study found that AUD symptoms were moderately stable from age 21 to 30; however, developmental pathways hypothesized by the SDM at age 27 played a significant role in partially mediating this association. Alcohol-specific factors were key mediating mechanisms, whereas prosocial factors played little role. Conversely, prosocial factors had an important role in predicting positive functioning at age 30, while there were no significant pathways involving alcohol-specific factors. Findings suggest that age 27 is not too late for interventions targeting adult social development to help diminish alcohol use disorder symptoms by age 30. Alcohol-specific factors such as reducing perceived opportunities or rewards for heavy alcohol use or challenging beliefs accepting of drunkenness are likely to be key ingredients of effective adult interventions.

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Alcohol Drinking in Young Adults: The Predictive Value of Personality when Peers Come Around

Cited by 24 publications

References 89 publications

Personality traits and illicit substances: The moderating role of poverty

Personality traits and illicit substances: The moderating role of poverty

Interactions Between Drinking Motives and Friends in Predicting Young Adults’ Alcohol Use

Young adult social development as a mediator of alcohol use disorder symptoms from age 21 to 30.

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