Alcohol environment, perceived safety, and exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs in early adolescence

Milam, Adam J.; Furr‐Holden, C. Debra M.; Bradshaw, Catherine P.; Cooley, Michael; Webster, Daniel; Leaf, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.424

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Distance to the Nearest Alcohol Outlet: Alcohol outlet proximity is a measure of availability and access to alcohol outlets. It has been shown to be related to opportunities to use other drugs, including marijuana (Milam et al 2013(Milam et al , 2016. It is also related to a number of neighborhood-level factors including neighborhood deprivation (Hay et al 2009) and violent crime (Day et al 2012;Furr-Holden et al 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Urban Neighborhood Environment on Marijuana Trajectories During Emerging Adulthood

et al. 2018

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Although there is little difference in rates of marijuana use between White and Black youth, Blacks have significantly higher rates of marijuana use and disorder in young adulthood. Theory suggests that factors tied to social disadvantage may explain this disparity, and neighborhood setting may be a key exposure. This study sought to identify trajectories of marijuana use in an urban sample during emerging adulthood, neighborhood contexts that predict these trajectories and social role transitions or "turning points" that may redirect them. Data are from a longitudinal cohort study of 378 primarily Black emerging adults who were first sampled in childhood based on their residence in low-income neighborhoods in Baltimore City and followed up annually. Group-based trajectory modeling identified three groups: No Use (68.8%), Declining Use (19.6%), and Chronic Use (11.7%). Living in close proximity to an alcohol outlet, and living in a neighborhood with more female-headed households and higher rates of violent crime increased the odds of membership in the Chronic Use group relative to No Use. Living in a neighborhood with more positive social activity increased the odds of membership in the Declining Use group relative to No Use. Not receiving a high school diploma or GED, pregnancy, and parenting also increased the odds of membership in the Declining Use group relative to No Use. These findings provide support that minority youth living in socially toxic and disordered neighborhoods are at increased risk of continuing on a trajectory of marijuana use during emerging adulthood while positive social activity in neighborhoods has the potential to redirect these negative trajectories. Besides taking on the responsibilities of parenting, emerging adults in the marijuana user groups had similar educational and family outcomes, suggesting that early marijuana use may have long-term implications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Urban Neighborhood Environment on Marijuana Trajectories During Emerging Adulthood

et al. 2018

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“…Boyd and colleagues (2012) used a similar distance (25 m or 82 feet) but went only as far as 300 m (equivalent to 984 feet or 0.19 miles). The current investigation extended that distance to a full quarter mile, a standard for walking distance in urban centers (Milam et al, 2013;Salbach et al, 2015). In addition, we summed the number of violent crimes for all sites within each category and divided by the number of sites to generate a mean number of violent crimes for DTCs, liquor stores, convenience stores, and corner stores.…”

Section: Violent Crimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We extended the buffers to 1,400 feet because a quarter mile (1,320 feet) is generally considered walking distance in urban centers (Milam et al, 2013;Salbach et al, 2015). The buffers were "non-overlapping," meaning that each subsequent buffer excluded the area of the smaller buffer(s) nested inside of it.…”

Section: Spatial Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Not in My Back Yard: A Comparative Analysis of Crime Around Publicly Funded Drug Treatment Centers, Liquor Stores, Convenience Stores, and Corner Stores in One Mid-Atlantic City

Furr‐Holden

Milam

Nesoff

et al. 2016

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:This research examined whether publicly funded drug treatment centers (DTCs) were associated with violent crime in excess of the violence happening around other commercial businesses. Method: Violent crime data and locations of community entities were geocoded and mapped. DTCs and other retail outlets were matched based on a Neighborhood Disadvantage score at the census tract level. Street network buffers ranging from 100 to 1,400 feet were placed around each location. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the relationship between the count of violent crimes and the distance from each business type. Results: Compared with the mean count of violent crime around drug treatment centers, the mean count of violent crime (M = 2.87) was signifi cantly higher around liquor stores (M = 3.98; t test; p < .01) and corner stores (M = 3.78; t test; p < .01), and there was no statistically signifi cant difference between the count around convenience stores (M = 2.65; t test; p = .32). In the adjusted negative binomial regression models, there was a negative and signifi cant relationship between the count of violent crime and the distance from drug treatment centers (β = -.069, p < .01), liquor stores (β = -

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Alcohol environment, perceived safety, and exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs in early adolescence

Cited by 2 publications

References 45 publications

The Impact of the Urban Neighborhood Environment on Marijuana Trajectories During Emerging Adulthood

The Impact of the Urban Neighborhood Environment on Marijuana Trajectories During Emerging Adulthood

Not in My Back Yard: A Comparative Analysis of Crime Around Publicly Funded Drug Treatment Centers, Liquor Stores, Convenience Stores, and Corner Stores in One Mid-Atlantic City

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