Alcohol-induced tight junction dysfunction primes airways for RSV infection

Simet, Samantha M.; Wyatt, TA; Pavlik, Jacqueline A.; Sisson, JH

doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.09.033

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…These changes in the lung alter the earliest responses to infection, which can potentially change the lung's defense against viral infection. In animal models of pulmonary viral infections, alcohol administration is associated with changes that make infection more likely (Simet et al, 2013 ). In addition, alcohol administration is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the animals (Meyerholz et al, 2008 ) as well as higher viral titers and more severe pathology (Jerrells et al, 2007 ; Warren et al, 2016 , 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 patients with documented alcohol use disorder or alcohol‐related complications are more likely to be hospitalized and have higher all‐cause mortality

Bailey

Sayles

Campbell

et al. 2022

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has affected every country globally, with hundreds of millions of people infected with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and over 6 million deaths to date. It is unknown how alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects the severity and mortality of COVID‐19. AUD is known to increase the severity and mortality of bacterial pneumonia and the risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our objective is to determine whether individuals with AUD have increased severity and mortality from COVID‐19. Methods We utilized a retrospective cohort study of inpatients and outpatients from 44 centers participating in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative. All were adult COVID‐19 patients with and without documented AUDs. Results We identified 25,583 COVID‐19 patients with an AUD and 1,309,445 without. In unadjusted comparisons, those with AUD had higher odds of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94 to 2.06, p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, body mass index, and comorbidities, individuals with an AUD still had higher odds of requiring hospitalization (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.51, CI 1.46 to 1.56, p < 0.001). In unadjusted comparisons, individuals with AUD had higher odds of all‐cause mortality (OR 2.18, CI 2.05 to 2.31, p < 0.001). After adjustment as above, individuals with an AUD still had higher odds of all‐cause mortality (aOR 1.55, CI 1.46 to 1.65, p < 0.001). Conclusion This work suggests that AUD can increase the severity and mortality of COVID‐19 infection. This reinforces the need for clinicians to obtain an accurate alcohol history from patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. For this study, our results are limited by an inability to quantify the daily drinking habits of the participants. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms by which AUD increases the severity and mortality of COVID‐19.

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