Alcohol intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Zhang, Dongfeng; Jiang, Hong; Xie, Junxia

doi:10.1002/mds.25863

Cited by 81 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The association of alcohol intake and the risk of Parkinson's disease has been the subject of one meta‐analysis and one review paper . The meta‐analysis of 32 studies (eight prospective cohort, 17 matched case‐control, and seven unmatched case‐control studies) found that alcohol intake could be associated with reduced Parkinson's disease risk, with a stronger association found in studies performed in Europe compared to studies from the United States and Asia . In another meta‐analysis, a weak protective association tended to be reported in case‐control studies rather than prospective cohort studies .…”

Section: Analytical Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease—East Versus West

Abbas

Tan

2017

Movement Disord Clin Pract

132

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Background: The cause of PD at present remains unknown. A number of epidemiological studies have been conducted across the globe to ascertain the disease burden and the possible risk factors. In this review, we analyze the various studies from East and West with an aim to observe the important similarities and differences in the disease occurrence and risk factor profile. Methods: A comprehensive search of descriptive and analytical epidemiological studies was undertaken. The descriptive studies and meta-analysis providing the standardised population rates were selected. The demographics, ethnicity and geographical differences between East and West were analysed. In analytical epidemiology, more established and well-studied non-genetic risk factors for PD were reviewed utilising the prospective cohort studies, case control studies and meta-analysis where available. Results and Conclusion: PD is more common with increasing age and shows male predominance, which is more obvious in Western studies. The PD prevalence and incidence rates are slightly lower in the East compared to the West. Incidence studies on different ethnic populations in the same country have also found a lower occurrence of PD amongst Easterners compared to Westerners. Setting methodological differences aside, studies from East and West suggest a role for both environmental and genetic risk factors in PD causation. Smoking, caffeine intake and pesticide exposure are well-established risk factors across regions. There is a robust data for dairy product consumption, urate levels and physical activity in the West while studies on certain risk factors like head injury and alcohol show conflicting and mixed results.Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and in the majority of cases, its cause remains unknown. Epidemiology refers to the study of distribution and determinants of health related events and their application in the control of diseases. 1In descriptive epidemiology, time, place, and person define the health events; while analytical epidemiology helps to identify and quantify the relationship between exposure and a particular health outcome. 1The epidemiological studies determining race and ethnicity help us to understand the roles of, and interaction between, genetic and environmental factors in disease causation. 2In the present review, we analyze the epidemiological features of PD patients between Western and Eastern countries. The division of East and West is not clear, as the definition varies depending on whether historical, geographical, economic, cultural, or political factors are considered. In this review, we have adopted the cultural definition that considers Asia, and the Middle East as "Eastern" countries; Russia, Europe, the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand as "Western" countries. West studies. In addition, the results of relevant meta-analysis were also discussed.There are a number of PD descriptive epidemiology studies in the literature. The comparison of these studies rem...

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Section: Analytical Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease—East Versus West

Abbas

Tan

2017

Movement Disord Clin Pract

132

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“…A similar inverse association was seen in a Swedish case-control questionnaire study between meat consumption (broiled or smoked) and PD risk (179). While wine, liquor and alcohol in general have inconsistently or modestly been associated to a lower likelihood of PD (180), beer, which is rich in purines and can increase urate (181, 182), has a stronger link to a reduced risk of PD in some (183, 184) but not all studies (185). …”

Section: Dietary Determinants Of Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting urate to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson disease

Crotty

Ascherio

Schwarzschild

2017

Experimental Neurology

112

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Oxidative stress has been implicated as a core contributor to the initiation and progression of multiple neurological diseases. Genetic and environmental factors can produce oxidative stress through mitochondrial dysfunction leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic and other neurons underlying Parkinson disease (PD). Although clinical trials of antioxidants have thus far failed to demonstrate slowed progression of PD, oxidative stress remains a compelling target. Rather than prompting abandonment of antioxidant strategies, these failures have raised the bar for justifying drug and dosing selections and for improving study designs to test for disease modification by antioxidants. Urate, the main antioxidant found in plasma as well as the end product of purine metabolism in humans, has emerged as a promising potential neuroprotectant with advantages that distinguish it from previously tested antioxidant agents. Uniquely, higher urate levels in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been linked to both a lower risk of developing PD and to a slower rate of its subsequent progression in numerous large prospective epidemiological and clinical cohorts. Laboratory evidence that urate confers neuroprotection in cellular and animal models of PD, possibly via the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway, further strengthened its candidacy for rapid clinical translation. An early phase trial of the urate precursor inosine demonstrated its capacity to safely produce well tolerated, long-term elevation of plasma and CSF urate in early PD, supporting a phase 3 trial now underway to determine whether oral inosine dosed to elevate urate to concentrations predictive of favorable prognosis in PD slows clinical decline in people recently diagnosed, dopamine transporter-deficient PD.

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“…It has been argued that reduced striatal dopaminergic signalling may cause these personality traits. There is also evidence that PD patients engage in less addictive behaviours than the general population, such as smoking, alcohol and caffeine use, which may or may not be secondary to these personality differences [4], [5]. Conversely, a significant proportion of patients can develop impulsive-compulsive behaviours (ICB) when treated with dopamine agonists [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and addictive behaviours in early Parkinson's disease and REM sleep behaviour disorder

Baig

Lawton

Rolinski

et al. 2017

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

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IntroductionChanges in personality have been described in Parkinson's disease (PD), with suggestion that those with established disease tend to be risk averse with a disinclination for addictive behaviour. However, little is known about the earliest and prodromal stages. Personality and its relationship with addictive behaviours can help answer important questions about the mechanisms underlying PD and addiction.Methods941 population-ascertained PD subjects within 3.5 years of diagnosis, 128 patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and 292 control subjects were fully characterised for motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms and across the following 5 personality domains: 1) neuroticism 2) extraversion 3) conscientiousness 4) agreeableness 5) openness using the Big Five Inventory.ResultsPatients with early PD were more neurotic (p < 0.001), less extraverted (p < 0.001) and less open than controls (p < 0.001). RBD subjects showed the same pattern of being more neurotic (p < 0.001), less extraverted (p = 0.03) and less open (p < 0.001). PD patients had smoked less (p = 0.02) and drunk less alcohol (p = 0.03) than controls, but caffeine beverage consumption was similar. Being more extraverted (p < 0.001), more open (p < 0.001), and less neurotic (p < 0.001) predicted higher alcohol use, while being more extravert (p = 0.007) and less agreeable (p < 0.001) was associated with smoking more.ConclusionsA similar pattern of personality changes is seen in PD and RBD compared to a control population. Personality characteristics were associated with addictive behaviours, suggestive of a common link, but the lower rates of addictive behaviours before and after the onset of motor symptoms in PD persisted after accounting for personality.

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Alcohol intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Abstract: Alcohol intake, especially beer, might be inversely associated with risk of Parkinson's disease

Cited by 81 publications

References 41 publications

Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease—East Versus West

Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease—East Versus West

Targeting urate to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson disease

Personality and addictive behaviours in early Parkinson's disease and REM sleep behaviour disorder

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