Alcohol intake, hypertension development and mortality in black South Africans

Zatu, Mandlenkosi Caswell; Rooyen, Johannes M. Van; Kruger, Annamarie; Schutte, Aletta E.

doi:10.1177/2047487314563447

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Also, alcohol consumption, a well-known risk factor of HTN (15) was not significantly reported in our analyses. In other sub-Saharan African studies results are also controversial, showing either association, or no significant association between HTN and moderate to heavy alcohol consumption (27,28). Furthermore, our study suggests a slightly protective effect of the light alcohol consumption in men, probably as the reflect of a healthy lifestyle.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

The Prevalence, Awareness, Management and Control of Hypertension in Men and Women in Benin, West Africa: the TAHES study.

Desormais

Amidou²,

Houehanou³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Sub-Saharan Africa is facing a growing burden of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), due to epidemiological transitions. Among their risk factors, hypertension is a major determinant of CVDs, but the prevalence and level of awareness and management of this condition are poorly studied in African populations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify its associated risk factors as well as the awareness and management of this condition in a community-dwelling cohort in Benin. Methods A cross-sectional door-to-door study was conducted in the population over the age of 25 years in Tanve, a rural setting in Benin. The questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of the World Health Organization STEPWISE survey were used. Blood pressure was measured using standard procedures. Results The sample included 1777 subjects (60.9% females, mean age was 42.5±16.5 years). The prevalence of hypertension was 32.9%, similar in men (32.8%) and women (33.0%, p=0.9342). Age and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension. Less than half (42%) of hypertensive people were aware about their condition and only 46.3% of them were treated. Awareness ratios differed between men and women (respectively 32.9% vs. 47.5%; p= 0.0039) and was not influenced by age, education, occupation, marital status or income. Female sex was the only factor associated with better controlled HTN, independent of socio-economic parameters. Conclusion This large population-based study confirms the high prevalence, low awareness, and low control of hypertension in men and women in sub-Saharan Africa. Only half of the populations with hypertension are aware of their hypertension, indicating a high burden of undiagnosed and un-controlled high blood pressure in these populations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

The Prevalence, Awareness, Management and Control of Hypertension in Men and Women in Benin, West Africa: the TAHES study.

Desormais

Amidou²,

Houehanou³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The results from sub-Saharan African studies on the risk relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension are mixed; some studies, primarily in South Africa, observed an association [36], while other studies emanating from other sub-Saharan African countries observed no significant association [37]. All these studies are hardly comparable since the setting, the assessment mode of alcohol consumption assessment age at inclusion are different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in older people in Central Africa: the EPIDEMCA study

Pilleron

Aboyans

M’Belesso

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension

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Hypertension represents a major global health burden. While older individuals of African descent are at higher risk of hypertension in western countries, epidemiological data on hypertension in older native Africans are scarce. We assessed the prevalence and the level of awareness and control of hypertension among older adults in Central Africa. A total of 1990 individuals 65 years of age and older from the Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic participated into a cross-sectional population-based survey. Hypertension was defined by self-reporting of on-going treatment and/or systolic (SBP)/diastolic (DBP) blood pressures at rest being ≥140 and/or 90 mmHg. Controlled hypertension was defined as treated hypertension with SBP <140 mmHg and DBP <90 mmHg. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 61.1%. Among hypertensive people, 46.7% were aware of their condition and 17.3% were treated. Among the latter 23.8% had their hypertension controlled.Correlates of hypertension were increasing age and body mass index, living in the Republic of Congo, occupation other than employee, no tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle and ≥ 3 meals a day. Our findings indicate a need for the implementation of public health policies to reduce hypertension in older Africans, and to prevent the subsequent burden of cardiovascular diseases.Keywords: Hypertension, epidemiology, elderly, Central Africa M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3According to the United Nations, the number of persons 65 years of age and older is expected to more than double by 2035, from 608 million in 2015 to 1.2 billion in 2035 [1]. Almost a quarter (23%) of the total global burden of disease is attributable to disorders in people aged 60 years of age and older, among whom cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading contributors to the burden of disease.Among CVDs, hypertension is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity [2]. one of the global non-communicable disease targets of the World Health Organization is to lower the prevalence of raised blood pressure by 25% by 2025 [4]. However, a global increase in the prevalence of hypertension in low-income countries is now being observed, notably in Sub-Saharan Africa [3].In the United States, the prevalence of hypertension is more than 60% among older people and is higher in older African-Americans when compared to non-Hispanic whites [5]. Ethnic differences cannot be explained solely in terms of socio-economic status [5], suggesting the involvement of other factors. It is therefore important to know more about the epidemiology of hypertension in older native Africans.Several community-based epidemiological studies on hypertension were conducted in Africa [6].Most were carried out in adults and reported prevalence for the ≥65 age group [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Only one study in rural Tanzania was specifically conducted on the elderly and reported a prevalence of hypertension of 70% in people over 70 years of age [17]. To our knowledge, no data from ...

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“…Many factors have been associated with the development of hypertension, such as an elevated body mass index, occupation, socioeconomic status, tobacco use, abdominal obesity, physical activity, and alcohol consumption, among others [5,48,51]. Many studies have reported a positive, dose-dependent association between alcohol intake and hypertension, showing the J-shaped curve also described for overall cardiovascular effects [5,16,19,22,[52][53][54][55][56]. Excessive alcohol consumption accounts for about 16% of cases of hypertension worldwide [5,57].…”

Section: Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurate estimations of alcohol consumption can be challenging. The most frequent way to address this issue is by self-reporting, which inherently involves the possibility of under-or overestimating intake depending on the social perceptions of the individual [16][17][18]. Moreover, serum markers of alcohol intake have been identified, mainly gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Alcohol on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Is There New Information?

2020

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The effects of alcohol on cardiovascular health are heterogeneous and vary according to consumption dose and pattern. These effects have classically been described as having a J-shaped curve, in which low-to-moderate consumption is associated with less risk than lifetime abstention, and heavy drinkers show the highest risk. Nonetheless, the beneficial effects of alcohol have been questioned due to the difficulties in establishing a safe drinking threshold. This review focuses on the association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk factors and the underlying mechanisms of damage, with review of the literature from the last 10 years.

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Alcohol intake, hypertension development and mortality in black South Africans

Cited by 40 publications

References 46 publications

The Prevalence, Awareness, Management and Control of Hypertension in Men and Women in Benin, West Africa: the TAHES study.

The Prevalence, Awareness, Management and Control of Hypertension in Men and Women in Benin, West Africa: the TAHES study.

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in older people in Central Africa: the EPIDEMCA study

The Effect of Alcohol on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Is There New Information?

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