Alcohol, Neurotransmitter Systems, and Behavior

Chastain, Garvin

doi:10.3200/genp.133.4.329-335

Cited by 114 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…associated with leisure time activities, socializing, reward and enjoyment). On a biological level, alcohol stimulates dopamine activity in the brain's mesolimbic pathway causing feelings of reward, and it increases opioid activity, which causes feelings of pleasure (Chastain, 2006). Therefore, it was not surprising that Hedonistic values were associated with alcohol consumption in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Associations Between Human Values and Alcohol Consumption Among Norwegians in the Second Half of Life

Nordfjærn¹,

Brunborg²

2015

Substance Use & Misuse

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and typical drinking quantity. Females (9%) were more likely to report abstinence than males (3%). Males also reported a higher consumption level. Individuals with high education had lower levels of abstinence (4%) than those with basic education (7%) and high education was also related to more consumption. People aged 40-60 years were less likely to abstain from alcohol (3%) than individuals aged 61 years and above (10%) and the former also reported a higher consumption. Multivariate analyses adjusting for demographics as well as somatic and mental health showed that Hedonistic values were related to a lower probability of abstaining, while Conformity and Universalism values were associated with a higher probability of abstaining. The Achivement and Hedonism values were associated with more alcohol consumption, whereas Universialism, Tradition and Conformity were related to lower alcohol consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Associations Between Human Values and Alcohol Consumption Among Norwegians in the Second Half of Life

Nordfjærn¹,

Brunborg²

2015

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…For example, ipsapirone, a 5-HT 1A partial agonist reduced ethanol intake in rats (for review, see Schreiber et al, 1999), while NAN-190, a selective 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist decreased intravenous self-administration of methamphetamine in rats (Novakoval et al, 2000). Furthermore, it is known that repeated administration of alcohol (Rothman et al, 2000;Chastain, 2006) or psychomotor stimulants (Weiss et al, 1992;Levy et al, 1994;Rothman et al, 2000;Marshall et al, 2007) result in synaptic deficits in 5-HT. Thus, these stress-like changes in corticosterone and monoamine levels and 5-HT receptor binding induced by sign-tracking are not unlike the profile of neurobiological features associated with drug abuse (Piazza and Le Moal, 1996;Marinelli and Piazza, 2002;Stewart, 2003).…”

Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral characteristics and neurobiological substrates shared by Pavlovian sign-tracking and drug abuse

Tomie

Grimes

Pohorecky

2008

Brain Research Reviews

153

134

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Drug abuse researchers have noted striking similarities between behaviors elicited by Pavlovian signtracking procedures and prominent symptoms of drug abuse. In Pavlovian sign-tracking procedures, repeated paired presentations of a small object (conditioned stimulus, CS) with a reward (unconditioned stimulus, US) elicits a conditioned response (CR) that typically consists of approaching the CS, contacting the CS, and expressing consummatory responses at the CS. Signtracking CR performance is poorly controlled and exhibits spontaneous recovery and long-term retention, effects that resemble relapse. Sign-tracking resembles psychomotor activation, a syndrome of behavioral responses evoked by addictive drugs, and the effects of sign-tracking on corticosterone levels and activation of dopamine pathways resemble the neurobiological effects of abused drugs. Finally, the neurobiological profile of individuals susceptible to sign-tracking resembles the pathophysiological profile of vulnerability to drug abuse, and vulnerability to sign-tracking predicts vulnerability to impulsive responding and alcohol self-administration. Implications of sign-tracking for models of drug addiction are considered.

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“…Ethanol interacts with many neurotransmitter systems (for review, see Chastain, 2006) and these diverse effects may contribute to an equally diverse range of drug treatments for alcoholism. This is the first study to demonstrate that varenicline, which has previously been shown to decrease ethanol consumption and seeking (Steensland et al, 2007), ameliorates ethanol-induced cognitive deficits without altering blood alcohol concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varenicline ameliorates ethanol-induced deficits in learning in C57BL/6 mice

Gulick¹,

Gould²

2008

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Ethanol is a frequently abused drug that impairs cognitive processes such as learning. Varenicline, an α4β2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist and α7 nicotinic receptor full agonist prescribed for smoking cessation, has been shown to decrease ethanol consumption. The current study investigated whether varenicline could ameliorate ethanol-induced deficits in learning and whether varenicline alters blood alcohol concentration in C57BL/6 mice. Conditioning consisted of two auditory conditioned stimulus (CS; 30 seconds, 85 dB white noise)-foot shock unconditioned stimulus (US; 2 seconds, 0.57 mA) pairings. For all studies, saline or ethanol (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g/kg i.p.) was administered 15 minutes before training, and saline or varenicline (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mg/kg i.p.) was administered 60 minutes before either training or testing. For blood alcohol analysis, saline or varenicline (0.1 mg/kg) was administered 60 minutes before collection, and saline or ethanol (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g/kg) was administered 15 minutes before collection. Varenicline dose-dependently ameliorated ethanol-induced conditioning deficits for all three doses of ethanol when administered before training but not when administered 24 hours later, before testing. In addition, varenicline did not alter blood alcohol concentration. The smoking cessation aid varenicline may have therapeutic uses for treating ethanolassociated disruptions in cognitive processes.

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Alcohol, Neurotransmitter Systems, and Behavior

Cited by 114 publications

References 17 publications

Associations Between Human Values and Alcohol Consumption Among Norwegians in the Second Half of Life

Associations Between Human Values and Alcohol Consumption Among Norwegians in the Second Half of Life

Behavioral characteristics and neurobiological substrates shared by Pavlovian sign-tracking and drug abuse

Varenicline ameliorates ethanol-induced deficits in learning in C57BL/6 mice

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