Alcohol use disorder and its impact on chronic hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections

Fuster, Daniel; Sanvisens, Arantza; Bolao, Ferrán; Rivas, Inmaculada; Tor, Jordi; Muga, Roberto

doi:10.4254/wjh.v8.i31.1295

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“…This is particularly important because of the interaction of heavy alcohol consumption and HCV in causing liver disease (Fuster and Samet, ; Fuster et al., ). Heavy alcohol consumption can potentiate HCV‐related cytotoxicity and oxidative stress (Fuster et al., ), increase the rate of HCV‐induced fibrosis (Fuster and Samet, ) and the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (Fuster et al., ), and reduce the effect of HCV treatment (Fuster and Samet, ). Individuals with an HCV diagnosis were significantly less likely to be categorized into the lower risk and potentially hazardous/harmful trajectories versus the infrequent drinking trajectory compared to those without HCV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Drinking Patterns and Their Clinical Correlates in Million Veteran Program Participants

Vickers‐Smith

Kranzler

Justice

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background A variety of measures have been developed to screen for hazardous or harmful drinking. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT‐C) is one of the screening measures recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annual administration of the AUDIT‐C to all primary care patients is required by the U.S. Veterans Affairs Health System. The availability of data from the repeated administration of this instrument over time in a large patient population provides an opportunity to evaluate the utility of the AUDIT‐C for identifying distinct drinking groups. Methods Using data from the Million Veteran Program cohort, we modeled group‐based drinking trajectories using 2,833,189 AUDIT‐C scores from 495,178 Veterans across an average 6‐year time period. We also calculated patients’ age‐adjusted mean AUDIT‐C scores to compare to the drinking trajectories. Finally, we extracted data on selected clinical diagnoses from the electronic health record and assessed their associations with the drinking trajectories. Results Of the trajectory models, the 4‐group model demonstrated the best fit to the data. AUDIT‐C trajectories were highly correlated with the age‐adjusted mean AUDIT‐C scores (rs = 0.94). Those with an alcohol use disorder diagnosis had 10 times the odds of being in the highest trajectory group (consistently hazardous/harmful) compared to the lowest drinking trajectory group (infrequent). Those with hepatitis C, posttraumatic stress disorder, liver cirrhosis, and delirium had 10, 7, 21, and 34%, respectively, higher odds of being classified in the highest drinking trajectory group versus the lowest drinking trajectory group. Conclusions Trajectories and age‐adjusted mean scores are potentially useful approaches to optimize the information provided by the AUDIT‐C. In contrast to trajectories, age‐adjusted mean AUDIT‐C scores also have clinical relevance for real‐time identification of individuals for whom an intervention may be warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Drinking Patterns and Their Clinical Correlates in Million Veteran Program Participants

Vickers‐Smith

Kranzler

Justice

et al. 2019

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…Subjects with hepatitis C virus infection report a significant alcohol intake [68], and are more prone to alcohol abuse than the general population [69], and alcohol is expected to impact on progression of chronic hepatitis [70]. Hezode et al initially reported a progressive increase in histologic severity and fibrosis in relation to the amount of alcohol intake in chronic HCV infection [59,70]. However, in a similar cohort of 857 patients, the degree of fibrosis was independent of mild-moderate alcohol consumption [71].…”

Section: Cirrhosis By Blood Tests and Clinicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate Alcohol Intake in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: To Drink or Not to Drink?

et al. 2019

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by hepatic steatosis in the presence of alcohol intake within safe limits, defined by guidelines of scientific associations (usually 20 g or 2 units/day in women, 30 g or 3 units in men). The diagnosis is usually followed by medical counseling of total abstinence, in order to prevent disease progression. This policy has been challenged by epidemiological studies, suggesting that the risk of liver disease and disease progression is lower in modest drinkers than in total abstainers. We revised the literature on the effects of modest alcohol intake on disease burden. Epidemiological data may suffer from several potential biases (recall bias for retrospective analyses, difficulties in the calculation of g/day), limiting their validity. Prospective data suggest that NAFLD patients with regular alcohol intake, although within the safe thresholds, are at higher risk of liver disease progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma; a detrimental effect of modest alcohol drinking is similarly observed in liver disease of viral etiology. Alcohol intake is also a risk factor for extrahepatic cancers, particularly breast, oral, and pharyngeal cancers, with gender difference and no floor effect, which outweigh the possible beneficial effects on cardiovascular system, also derived from retrospective studies. Finally, the negative effects of the calorie content of alcohol on dietary restriction and weight loss, the pivotal intervention to reduce NAFLD burden, should be considered. In summary, the policy of counseling NAFLD patients for alcohol abstinence should be maintained.Nutrients 2019, 11, 3048 2 of 23 equals mortality in alcohol users) for an average alcohol consumption of approximately 25-30 g in women and 40 g in men [4].All NAFLD studies explicitly report the exclusion of subjects with alcohol intake at risk, defined according to pre-specified criteria, and most clinicians suggest total abstinence from alcohol as therapeutic measure for prevention NAFLD and/or disease progression. More than a decade ago a few epidemiological studies reported an inverse association between moderate alcohol consumption (within presumably safe limits) and the prevalence of NAFLD in the population [5,6], pointing to a favorable effect of moderate alcohol use extending from the cardiovascular system to the setting of metabolic liver disease. This raised a lot of debate on the correct dietary and lifestyle treatment of NAFLD, which has not settled yet. Do we need to counsel our NAFLD patients for total alcohol abstinence to prevent disease progression?This narrative review is intended to summarize the evidence linking moderate alcohol intake with NAFLD, starting from difficulties in the correct assessment of alcohol intake. The conclusions are based on the experience of authors and the general effects of alcohol on the liver and outside the liver, in the hope to generate a common health policy among healthcare professionals. Literature Search

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“…The risk of HBV, HCV, and HIV is known to be high also in persons with alcohol use disorder. Majority of HCV and HIV cases seen in alcohol use are caused by a history of IDU [9]. Impaired nutrition and self-care, and immunosuppression in persons with alcohol and drug use enable these infectious agents to settle and spread in the body [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impaired nutrition and self-care, and immunosuppression in persons with alcohol and drug use enable these infectious agents to settle and spread in the body [10]. Cocaine, morphine and heroin are known to accelerate intracellular HIV growth [9,11]. Studies investigating coexisting of these infections among the persons with IDU, Hepatitis C virus was also positive in many persons with positive HIV [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkol ve uyuşturucu madde bağımlıları tedavi merkezinde hepatit ve HIV enfeksiyonlarının taranması

Dagli¹

2020

Pamukkale Medical Journal

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Purpose: Positivity of HBsAg, anti HCV, and anti HIV can expected to be higher in patients treated in an Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment Center (ADATC) as they have many risk factors. In this study, screening of these serologic markers in hospitalised patients was aimed. Material and methods: A total of 434 patients with a history of alcohol, injecting or noninjecting drug abuse who received treatment in Bursa ADATC unit in 2016 were included in the study. Patient's files were retrospectively screened for HBsAg, anti HCV, anti HIV positivity and demographic features. Results: Of the 434 patients included in the study with a mean age of 31.95±11.42 years. HbsAg and anti HCV positivity were 2.8%, and 1.4% respectively. None of the patients had HIV positivity. 59.2% of the patients had a family history of drug use. Conclusion: It was found that the prevalence of hepatitis B or hepatitis C was higher in the patients who had begun drug use in 9-12 age range, or in the patients who were homeless, who had no social support and living alone. Screening of these infections in ADATC is important for public health which will provide prevention and treatment of these diseases.

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Alcohol use disorder and its impact on chronic hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections

Cited by 41 publications

References 177 publications

Longitudinal Drinking Patterns and Their Clinical Correlates in Million Veteran Program Participants

Longitudinal Drinking Patterns and Their Clinical Correlates in Million Veteran Program Participants

Moderate Alcohol Intake in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: To Drink or Not to Drink?

Alkol ve uyuşturucu madde bağımlıları tedavi merkezinde hepatit ve HIV enfeksiyonlarının taranması

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