Alcohol use predicts emergency psychiatric unit admission for non-fatal suicidal behaviour in the Western Cape (South Africa): a case–control study

Asia-Pacific Psychiatry

2020

Introduction Suicidal behavior is an underresearched cause of death in the Western Pacific region. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior in a population‐based survey among 18‐69 year‐old persons in Kiribati. Method Cross‐sectional nationally representative data of 2156 18‐69 year old persons (37 years were the median age) from the “2015‐16 Kiribati STEPS survey” were analyzed. Results The results indicate that 5.1% of participants had ever attempted suicide and 9.5% engaged in past 12‐month suicidal behavior (ideation, planning, and/or attempts). In adjusted logistic regression analysis, cohabiting, psychological distress, and having had a heart attack, angina, or stroke were associated with lifetime suicide attempts. Female sex, younger age, lower education, psychological distress, heart attack, angina or stroke, and high physical activity were positively associated with past 12‐month suicidal behavior. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, alcohol family problems, alcohol dependence, family members attempted suicide, and sedentary behavior (3 to <6 hours/day) were associated with lifetime suicide attempts and/or past 12‐month suicidal behavior. Conclusion Almost one in 10 participants were engaged in suicidal behavior in the past 12 months and several factors were detected which could be targeted in intervention activities.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among a national population‐based sample of adults in Kiribati

Asia-Pacific Psychiatry

2020

“…Having a family history of suicide has been a known risk factor for SB [ 7 , 8 , 10 ], which was confirmed in this study in terms of death of a close family member. In agreement with previous investigations [ 1 , 23 – 25 , 28 , 29 ], this study showed an alcohol family problem and in unadjusted analysis, early smoking initiation among men and current alcohol use among women increased the odds for SB. While some studies [ 29 , 30 ] found a positive association between overweight or obesity and SB, this study found among men a negative association between obesity and SB.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Psychosocial distress risk factors of SB may include mental illness, including major depression and alcohol use disorders [ 1 ], experiencing adverse life events [ 1 , 14 , 15 ], and unemployment [ 11 – 13 ]. Physical factors associated with SB may include suffering from physical chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, and diabetes [ 11 – 13 , 16 , 17 ], hypercholesrolemia [ 16 , 18 ] and low blood pressure [ 19 ], and health risk behaviours associated with SB, which may include high sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity [ 20 – 22 ], substance use disorders [ 23 – 25 ], passive smoking [ 26 , 27 ], early substance use [ 28 , 29 ] and overweight or obesity [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviour among adults in Malawi: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in 2017

2021

Int J Ment Health Syst

Background The study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour (SB) among adults in Malawi. Methods Data were analysed from 4187 persons aged 18–69 years (median age: 32 years) that took part in the nationally representative cross-sectional “2017 Malawi STEPS survey.” Results The prevalence of ever suicide attempt was 0.8%, and the prevalence of SB (ideation, plan and/or attempt) in the past year was 7.9% (6.0% among men and 9.6% among women). In adjusted logistic regression analysis, among men, being 30 years and older and having an alcohol family problem were positively and obesity was negatively associated with SB in the past year. Moreover, in univariate analysis, early smoking initiation was positively and not using active transportation was negatively associated with SB in the past year. Among women, having an alcohol family problem, death from suicide of a close family member, having a cardiovascular incident (heart attack, stroke, or angina) and not using active transportation increased the odds of SB in the past year. In addition, in univariate analysis, low systolic blood pressure (< 100 mmHg), not taking antihypertensive medication, and current alcohol use were associated with past year SB. Conclusion Almost one in ten participants engaged in SB in the past year and several associated factors were identified that can inform intervention programmes.

“…Experiencing adverse life events, 1,11,12 unemployment and lower socio-economic status, 4,5,6 female sex, younger age and a family history of suicide 2,3,13 have been associated with suicidal behaviour. Moreover, health risk behaviours were found to be associated with suicidal behaviour, including inadequate physical activity and high sedentary behaviour, 14,15,16 substance use (alcohol, tobacco and drugs), 17,18,19 passive smoking, 20,21 poor dietary behaviour, such as inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, 22 and overweight or obesity. 23,24 Based on data from the 'World Mental Health Survey', the prevalence of 12-month suicide ideation, plans and attempts were 2.1%, 0.7% and 0.4%, respectively, in 10 low-and middle-Background: Suicide is a major public health issue.Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of lifetime suicide attempts and past 12-month suicidal behaviour (ideation, plans and/or attempts) among adults (18-69 years).Setting: Zambia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviour among a national population-based sample of adults in Zambia

South African Journal of Psychiatry

2021

Background Suicide is a major public health issue. Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of lifetime suicide attempts and past 12-month suicidal behaviour (ideation, plans and/or attempts) among adults (18–69 years). Setting Zambia. Method National cross-sectional data from 4302 adults (median age: 31 years) who took part in the ‘2017 Zambia STEPS survey’ were analysed. Results The results indicate that 2.3% of participants had ever attempted suicide and 8.5% engaged in past 12-month suicidal behaviour (ideation 7.8%, plan 3.6% and/or attempt 1.1%). In adjusted logistic regression analysis, having a family member who died from suicide, having had a heart attack, angina or stroke and daily tobacco smoking were associated with ever suicide attempt. In adjusted logistic regression, female sex, non-paid work status (including student, homeworker and retired), alcohol use-related family problem, passive smoking, heart attack, angina or stroke and alcohol dependence were positively associated with past 12-month suicidal behaviour, and belonging to other ethnic groups was negatively associated with past 12-month suicidal behaviour. In addition, in an unadjusted analysis, 18–24-year-old participants, those who were never married, separated, divorced or widowed, having urban residence, family members died from suicide, having lower systolic blood pressure and daily smokeless tobacco use, were associated with past 12-month suicidal behaviour. Conclusion Almost 1 in 10 participants was engaged in suicidal behaviour in the past 12 months, and several associated indicators were found that can assist in planning interventions.