Alcoholic liver cirrhosis, more than a simple hepatic disease – A brief review of the risk factors associated with alcohol abuse

Micu, Sergiu Ioan; Manea, Mădălina; Popoiag, Roxana Emanuela; Nikolić, Dragana; Dumitru, Andrada; Patti, Angelo Maria; Musat, Marilena; Bălălău, Cristian; Rogoveanu, Anca; Rizzo, Manfredi; Stoian, Anca Pantea

doi:10.22543/7674.62.p232236

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Alcohol abuse is thought to be affected by genes encoding ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, psychological and social factors (Micu et al, 2019). With the identified allele and genotype frequencies of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 showed that these SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and have been inherited stably in the Vietnamese population living in Northeast region of Vietnam (p>0.05) (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 with Alcohol abuse and Alcoholic Cirrhosis in People Living in Northeast Vietnam

Hoang

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Objective: Alcohol abuse can cause developing cirrhosis, even liver cancer. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADH1B , ADH1C , and ALDH2 genes have been reported to be associated with alcohol abuse and alcoholic cirrhosis (ALC). This study investigated the association between three SNPs of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 with alcohol abuse and ALC in people living in the Northeast region of Vietnam. Methods: 306 male participants were recruited including 206 alcoholics (106 ALC, 100 without ALC) and 100 healthy non-alcoholics. Clinical characteristics were collected by clinicians. Genotypes were identified by Sanger sequencing. Chi-Square (χ2) and Fisher-exact tests were used to assess the differences in age and clinical characteristics, Child-Pugh score, frequencies of alleles and genotypes. Result: Our data showed that the frequency of ALDH2 *1 was significantly higher in alcoholics (88.59%) and ALC groups (93.40%) than that of healthy non-alcoholics (78.50%) with p=0.0009 and non-ALC group (83.50%) with p=0.002, respectively. We detected opposite results when examined ALDH2 *2. Frequency of combined genotypes with high acetaldehyde accumulation were significantly lower in alcoholics and ALC group than those of control groups with p=0.005 and p=0.008, respectively. Meanwhile, the proportion of combined genotypes with non-acetaldehyde accumulation were significantly two times higher in the ALC group (19.98%) than those of the non-ALC group (8%) with p=0.035. These combined genotypes showed a decreasing trend in the Child-Pugh score from likely phenotype causing risk for non-acetaldehyde accumulation to high acetaldehyde accumulation. Conclusion: The ALDH2 *1 allele was found as a risk factor for alcohol abuse and ALC, and combined genotypes of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 with non-acetaldehyde accumulation increase ALC risk. In contrast, ALDH2 *2 and the genotype combinations related to high acetaldehyde accumulation were protective factors against alcohol abuse and ALC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 with Alcohol abuse and Alcoholic Cirrhosis in People Living in Northeast Vietnam

Hoang

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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“…With the relatively high prevalence of ADH1B*2/*2, ADH1C*1/*1, ALDH2*1/*2 and ALDH2*2/*2 in study subjects, they are predicted to be at increased risk of diseases if they abuse alcohol. According to Micu et al, (2019), in addition to ethanol-metabolizing enzymes involved in alcohol abuse leading to alcohol dependence, there are also psychological and social factors. Vietnam is currently assessed as a country with high alcohol consumption, especially among men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 Genes in 235 People Living in Thai Nguyen Province of Vietnam

Hoang

Nguyen

et al. 2022

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Objective: ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 genes are mainly responsible for alcohol metabolism in the body. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these genes have been reported to be associated with alcohol dependence and are considered risk factors for various human diseases. This study aims to identify the prevalence of three SNPs of ADH1B (rs1229984), ADH1C (rs698) and ALDH2 (rs671) in 235 unrelated individuals living in Thai Nguyen province, the northeast region of Vietnam. Methods: The target genotypes were identified by using PCR direct sequencing, and their frequencies were compared to previous reports. Result: Our data showed that allele frequencies of ADH1B *2 (rs1229984), ADH1C *2 C (rs698) and ALDH2 *2 (rs671) were 68.8%, 8.3% and 20.4%, respectively. The ADH1B *2 and ADH1C *2 frequencies were similar to those of the Kinh ethnic individuals living in the south region of Vietnam, while the ALDH2 *2 frequency was higher. Compared to data from other countries, ADH1B *2 frequency is similar to the Philippines (60.5%) and Mongolia (62.9%) but significantly different from the other populations. The ADH1C *2 frequency is not so different compared to Japanese (5.7%) and Chinese (7.1%) but is quite different in other populations. ALDH2 *2 frequency was lower than Japanese (29.3%), Indonesian (30%) and higher than other countries. Regarding the risk of alcoholism, the percentage of Vietnamese people in this study with genotypes related to alcohol dependence is 8.1%. In contrast, the carrier has genotypes protecting against alcoholism with high frequency, 91.9%. Among them, the individuals can cause high acetaldehyde accumulation accounting for 33.2%. Conclusion: This study helps to understand the genetic polymorphisms of alcohol metabolism genes in the community living in Thai Nguyen province, northeast of Vietnam, and provides valuable scientific data relating to alcohol consumption behavior as well as public health protection.

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“…Lạm dụng đồ uống có ethanol là yếu tố gây nguy cơ tử vong cao và nhiều bệnh tật ở người, số ca tử vong do ung thư liên quan đến sử dụng đồ uống có ethanol chiếm 4,2% tổng số ca ung thư vào năm 2016 [2]. Theo Micu và các cộng sự [3], ngoài yếu tố di truyền là các enzyme chuyển hóa ethanol (ADH1B, ALDH2) liên quan đến lạm dụng rượu còn có yếu tố tâm lý và xã hội.…”

Section: Mở đầU *unclassified

The Association between Genetic and Racial Factors in Ethanol Containing Beverages Metabolism and Health Risks in Human

Yen¹

2023

NST

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Ethanol containing beverages (alcoholic beverages) are socially acceptable beverages that are expected to provide refreshment, satisfaction and stress relief. Common types of ethanol containing beverages include: wine, beer, and syrup. According to the World Health Organization, alcohol abuse is a risk factor for high mortality and many diseases in humans such as fatty liver, hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, liver cancer, larynx cancer, nasopharynx cancer, stomach and esophageal cancer,… In human, ethanol is eliminated mainly through metabolism in two ways: Oxidative pathway with the participation of enzymes: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), cytochrome P450 and catalase; non-oxidative pathways involving phospholipase and fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) synthase. Alcohol abuse is believed to be caused by genetic factors (ADH, ALDH,...), psychological and social factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism helped explaining why certain ethnic groups and individuals have higher or lower ethanol-related health risks and development of alcohol abuse syndrome. In Vietnam, using ethanol containing beverages is a habit imbued with traditional culture. At the same time, wine and beer abuse is already a problem and causes many serious consequences for public health, family happiness and social safety. Meanwhile, the concept that drinking alcohol helps relieve nervous tension is common, many people still feel subjectively drinking alcohol to be healthier. Some studies have shown differences about SNPs of gene encoding enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism in Vietnamese. Therefore, it is necessary to study the relationship between SNPs of these genes with alcohol and beer drinking habits leading to abuse and the risks of ethanol-related diseases.

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Alcoholic liver cirrhosis, more than a simple hepatic disease – A brief review of the risk factors associated with alcohol abuse

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Association of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 with Alcohol abuse and Alcoholic Cirrhosis in People Living in Northeast Vietnam

Association of ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs698, and ALDH2 rs671 with Alcohol abuse and Alcoholic Cirrhosis in People Living in Northeast Vietnam

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 Genes in 235 People Living in Thai Nguyen Province of Vietnam

The Association between Genetic and Racial Factors in Ethanol Containing Beverages Metabolism and Health Risks in Human

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