Alcoholism/Addiction as a Chronic Disease

White, William L.; Boyle, Michael; Loveland, David

doi:10.1300/j020v20n03_06

Cited by 92 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…18,19 The 12-step philosophy, which teaches that the first and primary responsibility is sobriety from alcohol, illegal drugs, and non-prescription medications, 20–22 can further perpetuate continued smoking by recommending members focus and not make too many additional changes (i.e. quitting smoking).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of quitting smoking and smoking cessation treatment on substance use outcomes: An updated and narrative review

McKelvey

Thrul

Ramo

2017

Addictive Behaviors

111

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Background Historically, smoking cessation was thought to negatively impact substance use outcomes among smokers who use other substances. We sought to synthesize recent reports on this association. Methods Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cinahl were searched for studies published from 2006 to March 29, 2016 that reported impact of smoking cessation treatment or quitting smoking on substance use or substance use disorder treatment outcomes in the general population and among those in substance abuse treatment. Studies were grouped by reported impact as follows: “positive” (i.e. improved), “null” (i.e. no change), or “negative” (i.e. worsened). Results Twenty-four studies were included. Eighteen reported the impact of quitting smoking and six reported the impact of smoking cessation treatment intervention, independent of quitting, on substance use outcomes. Eleven studies (46%) reported solely positive impact; four (17%) reported solely null impact; eight (33%) reported mixed positive and null impact by analysis (combined and subgroup, n = 1); substance (n = 4); length of follow-up (n = 2); and comparison group (n = 1). One study (4%) reported mixed negative and null impact by ethnic group. No studies reported increased substance use. Conclusion Smoking cessation does not appear to have a negative effect, and often has a positive effect on substance use outcomes. Smoking cessation advice should be offered, without hesitation, to smokers who report substance use and those in treatment for substance use disorder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of quitting smoking and smoking cessation treatment on substance use outcomes: An updated and narrative review

McKelvey

Thrul

Ramo

2017

Addictive Behaviors

111

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“…Contemporary interventions have shifted focus to deliver communitybased recovery support to complement treatment services. It is recognised that recovery services are integral to the process of building individuals' strengths, enhancing quality of life, and providing opportunities to support people to maintain their recovery from drug and/or alcohol dependence (White et al, 2002;White 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Once you’ve been there, you’re always recovering”: exploring experiences, outcomes, and benefits of substance misuse recovery

Timpson

Eckley

Sumnall

et al. 2016

Drugs and Alcohol Today

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word count (including keywords): 250 words Category: Research paperKeywords: Recovery, recovery communities, abstinence, substance misuse, social value Purpose Recovery is a central component of UK substance misuse policy, however, relatively little is known about the views and meanings of recovery by those experiencing it. This research sought to explore these factors, and understand how service user experiences align to current understandings of 'recovery capital'. Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on qualitative interviews with 32 individuals from six UK recovery communities, including those commissioned by a statutory service (n=8) and a peer-led recovery community (n=24). FindingsMeanings of recovery differed between people in abstinence-based communities and those not; however, all had consistent views on their own recovery outcomes and the benefits they believed it brought. All viewed recovery as a process; a continuous journey with no end-point. Internal motivation, peer support, social networks and daily structure were integral to supporting individuals achieve and maintain recovery. Key benefits of recovery reflected recovery capital and included positive relationships, sense of belonging, increased self-worth and confidence, employment and education. Practical and social implicationsFrom policy and commissioning perspectives, these findings suggest benefits of recovery that were viewed by participants as indicators of success, demonstrate elements which support recovery, and highlight key social value outcomes which people attribute to recovery. These 'softer', qualitative benefits should be considered by policy-makers, commissioners, statutory and non-statutory services in order to evidence outcomes. However, it should also be recognised that a temporally static approach to assessing recovery may be in contradiction to the meaning and perspectives held by those in recovery communities who conceptualise it as long term, and ongoing process. Originality/valueThis paper adds to understandings of experiences, meanings of recovery, with a particular focus on the measurement of outcomes and their meanings, and the role of abstention and continued drug use within the recovery process.2

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“…Promoting recovery from substance use problems is now part of the approach to United States drug policy that includes “making recovery a formal area of focus” (Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2014). Emergent recovery-oriented systems of care (ROSC) recognize the chronic nature of addiction and encompass community-based strategies to develop support for long-term recovery (White, 2009; White et al, 2002). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do recovery definitions distinguish recovering individuals? Five typologies

Witbrodt

Kaskutas

Grella

2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Six percent of American adults say they are “in recovery” from an alcohol or drug problem yet only a scant emergent literature has begun to ask how they define “recovery” or explored whether there is heterogeneity among their definitions. Methods Secondary analysis of the What Is Recovery? online survey employed Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to identify typologies of study participants based on their actual endorsement of 39 recovery elements and to compare the composition of these typologies in terms of distinguishing personal characteristics. Results A 5-class solution provided the best fit and conceptual representation for the recovery definitions. Classes were labeled 12-Step Traditionalist (n=4912); 12-Step Enthusiast (n=2014); Secular (n=980); Self-Reliant (n=1040); and Atypical (n=382) based on patterns of endorsement of the recovery elements. Abstinence, spiritual, and social interaction elements differentiated the classes most (as did age and recovery duration but to a lesser extent). Although levels and patterns of endorsement to the elements varied by class, a rank-ordering of the top 10 elements indicated that four elements were endorsed by all five classes: being honest with myself, handling negative feelings without using, being able to enjoy life, and process of growth and development. Conclusions The results of the LCA demonstrate the diversity of meanings, and varying degrees of identification with, specific elements of recovery. As others have found, multiple constituents are invested in how recovery is defined and this has ramifications for professional, personal, and cultural processes related to how strategies to promote recovery are implemented.

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Alcoholism/Addiction as a Chronic Disease

Cited by 92 publications

References 46 publications

Impact of quitting smoking and smoking cessation treatment on substance use outcomes: An updated and narrative review

Impact of quitting smoking and smoking cessation treatment on substance use outcomes: An updated and narrative review

“Once you’ve been there, you’re always recovering”: exploring experiences, outcomes, and benefits of substance misuse recovery

How do recovery definitions distinguish recovering individuals? Five typologies

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