Alcohophilic gels: Polymeric organogels composing carboxylic and sulfonic acid groups

Abstract

The clinical significance of an interstitial duplication of chromosome 15q11q13 is still not well documented. This abnormality has been associated with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and varying degrees of mental retardation. The clinical variability appears to be influenced by the parental origin of the duplication. We present here the clinical evaluation and psychological assessment of the largest reported family with 12 carriers on three generations. Patients exhibit mental retardation, motor and visuo‐motor skills impairments and adaptive functioning deficit without formal diagnosis of autism. There appeared to be evidence in the family of reduced penetrance in duplication of paternal origin. This familial 15q11q13 duplication was precisely investigated by cytogenetic and molecular techniques including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), PCR analysis of microsatellite markers, array‐comparative genomic hybridization analysis (Array‐CGH) and semi‐quantitative methylation‐sensitive PCR. Results showed an inherited 15q11q13 duplication of maternal origin in 10 patients and of paternal origin in the remaining two. The size of the duplicated area was around 6 Mb with breakpoints in accordance with those previously reported. This report extends the clinical spectrum of the 15q11q13 duplication, and we recommend the investigation of 15q11q13 duplication not only in subjects with autistic spectrum disorder but also in patients with low normal intelligence and dyspraxia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Studies on Gelling Characteristics of N‐Tertiary Butyl Acrylamide–Acrylic Acid Copolymer

“…4,5 Kabiri et al prepared super alcogels based on three constituents namely 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, poly(ethylene glycol) macromer, and acrylic acid (AAc). 6,7 The alcohol absorbency of poly(AAc) was reported by Zhao and Liu. 8 The gel was synthesized by using γ ray as the initiator and Zn 2+ or Ni 2+ as a cross-linker.…”

“…9 Copolymers of AAc with AMPS were prepared through solution polymerization and their alcohol absorbency was investigated in different low molecular weight alcohols. 6 Organogels can be used in separation of solvents, controlled release of fragrance 8,10,11 and for super absorbency of alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, which are used as fuel gels, fire starters, hand sanitizers etc. 6,12 In the present work, an attempt has been made to synthesize polymer organogels based on NTBA (N-tertiary butyl acrylamide, which is synthesized and characterized at our laboratory) and AAc.…”

Synthesis and characterization of alcogels based on ethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate-vinyl phosphonic acid copolymers

“…It was reported that probability of counterion binding in sulfonated monomer leads to decrease in alcohol absorbency. Thus, Na + cations in poly(AA-SAS) and poly(AA-SSS) were removed by acid treatment to increase alcohol absorbency [5,6]. Such acid-treated poly (AA-SSS) could absorb as high as 50 g/g ethanol and 80 g/g methanol [6].…”

“…For instance, crosslinked poly(acrylic acid)(AA) by metal cation shown to absorb ethanol up to 158 g/g [3]. Copolymers based on sulfonated monomers such as 2-acrylamido 2-methl-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) [4], sodium allyl sulfonate (SAS) [5], and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) [6] were also synthesized as alcogel. Alcohol is absorbed into such structures due to dissociation of ionic groups of sulfonated monomers [6].…”

“…This alcogel has obtain alcohol absorbency only because of hydrogen bonding. Pervious work about preparing alcogels were mostly based on dissociation of slufonated groups in alcoholic media [4][5][6]. The polymers were characterized by their swelling behavior and rheological properties as well as using analytical characterization including TGA, DMTA, and FTIR.…”