Alexia with Agraphia of Kanji in the Lesion of the Left Inferior Temporal Gyrus.

Notoya, Masako; Tedoriya, Hiromi; Suzuki, Shigetada; Fujii, Hiroyuki; Furukawa, Mitsuru

doi:10.2496/apr.11.140

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…According to these hypothetical www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ models, literacy skills to manage Japanese kanji characters, each of which is a word or morpheme, depend on phonological and orthographic lexicons and the lexico-semantic system in the lexical route 6 . This supposition could be supported by the Japanese version of dual-route models 4,8,9 . In these anatomically-based models, different brain regions in the lexical or ventral route are proposed for storage of phonological, orthographic, and semantic information about kanji words 8,9 .…”

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“…This supposition could be supported by the Japanese version of dual-route models 4,8,9 . In these anatomically-based models, different brain regions in the lexical or ventral route are proposed for storage of phonological, orthographic, and semantic information about kanji words 8,9 . Reading, writing, and semantic comprehension could thus be suggested as likely components of Japanese kanji abilities, distinct from each other but also interacting.Clarification of dimensionality in kanji abilities would be beneficial for understanding not only individual differences in Japanese language skills, but also developmental changes in the abilities and effects of environmental changes on them.…”

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The multidimensionality of Japanese kanji abilities

Otsuka

Murai

2020

Sci Rep

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the aim of this study was to identify the cognitive structures of kanji abilities in the Japanese general population and to examine age and cohort effects on them. From a large database of the most popular kanji exam in Japan, we analyzed high school graduation level data of 33,659 people in 2006 and 16,971 people in 2016. Confirmatory factor analyses validated the three-dimensional model of kanji abilities, including factors of reading, writing and semantic comprehension. Furthermore, the age effect on writing, and correlations between writing and semantic dimensions, were different between 2006 and 2016, suggesting reduced writing ability and stagnation in integrated mastery of kanji orthography and semantics in current-day Japanese adults. These findings provide the first evidence of the multidimensional nature of Japanese kanji abilities, and age/cohort differences in that dimensional structure. The importance of the habit of handwriting for literacy acquisition is discussed.Writing systems can be broadly divided into phonographic and logographic scripts. In the former, a letter is mapped onto a sound unit, as in English. In the latter, a character is mapped onto a meaning unit, as for Chinese. Japanese uses both systems in combination, namely kana and kanji. Each kana letter represents one mora, a sub-syllabic unit of sound in Japanese, with highly regular and consistent letter-sound correspondence. In contrast, kanji characters usually have multiple pronunciations, which can also be written with more than one kana letter. The correct pronunciations of Japanese kanji words are determined by context and at the whole-word level, in a similar manner to English exception words, unlike the Chinese logographic writing systems. Kanji characters are used for content words (i.e. most nouns, or the roots of most verbs, adjectives, or adverbs), whereas kana letters are mainly used for inflectional endings, postpositions, or conjunctions. A single kanji character or more than two in the so-called compound words, occasionally accompanied by kana suffixes, can represent a word. Many homophones in the Japanese language are represented with the exact same kana letters but have different meanings, and can be discriminated by writing in kanji. In addition, unlike kana or alphabetical letters, kanji characters vary in visual complexity from simple characters such as the kanji カ to very complex ones like 鬱 (u-tsu, depression), both of which are designated as daily-use kanji by the Japanese government.Considering the unique properties of kanji, including multiple pronunciations, semantic values, and variability in visual complexity, it is assumed that the abilities to master and manage Japanese kanji would be multidimensional as for overall language ability 1,2 . However, the dimensional structure, whether uni-or multidimensional, has not been established. Given the higher prevalence of problems in literacy acquisition in kanji than in kana among Japanese children 3 , understanding the functional components of Japanese kanji abi...

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The multidimensionality of Japanese kanji abilities

Otsuka

Murai

2020

Sci Rep

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“…8,10,43 Most of them show alexia and agraphia for both kana and kanji at the acute stage, and alexia and agraphia for kanji remained at the chronic stage. 47,48 One patient showed complete recovery of alexia with agraphia for kanji following evacuation of the hematoma in the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus, which suggested a causative role for this lesion. 49 In kanji alexia with agraphia, performance of on-reading (Chinese-style pronunciation) and kun-reading (native Japanese pronunciation) is sometimes dissociated.…”

Section: Kanji-predominant Alexia With Kanjipredominant Agraphiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kanji‐predominant alexia with kanji‐predominant agraphia is associated with lesions in the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus 8,10,43 . Most of them show alexia and agraphia for both kana and kanji at the acute stage, and alexia and agraphia for kanji remained at the chronic stage 47,48 . One patient showed complete recovery of alexia with agraphia for kanji following evacuation of the hematoma in the left posterior inferior temporal gyrus, which suggested a causative role for this lesion 49 …”

Section: Alexia With Agraphia In Japanesementioning

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Alexia and agraphia in Japanese

Suzuki

2022

Neurology & Clinical Neurosc

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Reading and writing are important in modern society. Focal brain injuries, such as stroke, selectively impair reading and/or writing, leading to alexia and/or agraphia, respectively. In this review, I describe pure alexia and agraphia in Japanese; alexia and agraphia associated with aphasia are excluded unless otherwise specified.Dejerine established the theoretical basis for alexia with agraphia and alexia without agraphia. 1 Interruption between the visual cortex and the left angular gyrus was assumed to result in alexia without agraphia. This model was revived by Geschwind as a disconnection syndrome. 2 During the early 20th century, pure alexia and/or agraphia in Japanese were reported in Japanese journals, including cases of pure alexia, 3,4 alexia with agraphia, 5 and apraxic agraphia. 6 These

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