Algae Extraction Controllable Delamination of Vanadium Carbide Nanosheets with Enhanced Near‐Infrared Photothermal Performance

Abstract

The two‐dimensional (2D) vanadium carbide (V2C) MXene has shown great potential as a photothermal agent (PTA) for photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the use of V2C in PTT is limited by the harsh synthesis condition and low photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE). Herein, we report a completely different green delamination method using algae extraction to intercalate and delaminate V2AlC to produce mass V2C nanosheets (NSs) with a high yield (90 %). The resulting V2C NSs demonstrated good structural integrity and remarkably high absorption in near infrared (NIR) region with a PTCE as high as 48 %. Systemic in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the V2C NSs can serve as efficient PTA for photoacoustic (PA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided PTT of cancer. This work provides a cost‐effective, environment‐friendly, and high‐yielding disassembly approach of MAX, opening a new avenue to develop MXenes with desirable properties for a myriad of applications.

V2C Nanosheets as Dual-Functional Antibacterial Agents

“…XRD analysis of V 2 AlC before and after treatment with algae extracts additionally verified that the peaks of V 2 AlC were faded and adapted the V 2 C NS status after 24 h exposure (Figure J). Standard XRD peak pattern analysis of V 2 AlC and V 2 C NSs further validated the selective etching of the Al layer. , XPS was carried out to investigate the valence position of the elemental binding energy . The XPS wide-ranging spectra of V 2 AlC indicated binding energyat 80, 284, 522, and 533 eV assigned to Al 2s, C 1s, V 2p, and O1s, respectively.…”

“…A homogenous solution of V 2 C NSs was obtained by delaminating Al from V 2 AlC powders combined with a solution of algae extract after ultrasonication for 1 h according to our previous study . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis was carried out by a field-emission Magellan 400 microscope (HITACHI, Japan).…”

Light: A Magical Tool for Controlled Drug Delivery

“…[128] Imaging-guided synergistic photothermal therapy provides a novel way to construct precision nanotheranostic agents. A number of multifunctional composite metal nanohybrids have been studied as potential nanoagents for imaging-guided synergistic photothermal therapy with diverse therapeutic and diagnostic payloads, including FePS 3 nanosheets with excellent photothermal conversion activity enabling chemodynamic therapy and hyperthermia effect for cancer therapy, [134] carbon-encapsulated FeCo nanomaterials as magnetic imaging tracers with magnetothermal and photothermal capablities, [135] zirconium-ferriporphyrin MOF nanotransducer complexed with heat shock protein 70 siRNA for computed tomography, photothermal, and photoacoustic trimode imaging modalities-guided combined gene and photothermal-photodynamic therapy for efficient cancer elimination, [136] FePt/MoS 2 nanomaterials with synergistic photothermal-chemotherapy for improving tumor immunotherapy, [137] Mo 2 C-derived polyoxometalate as a chemodynamic therapy agent, [138] functionalized MoTe 2 nanosheets with PEG-cyclic RGD and DOX for combined photothermal and chemotherapy, [139] Cu-based Fenton like agent copper(I) phosphide (Cu 3 P) nanocrystal for magnetic resonance imaging-based cancer chemodynamic/ photothermal combination therapy, [140] copper-palladium alloy nanocrystals for multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging guided photothermal chemotherapy, [141] PdH nanohydride for combinational hydrogen releasing-triggered hydrogen-photothermal treatment, [142] polyelectrolyte-multilayer-coated Cs x WO 3 for computerized tomography (CT)/ photo acoustic bimodal imaging-based cancer photodynamic/ photothermal therapy, [143] tungsten-based polyoxometalate nanoclusters for efficient photothermal and anti-inflammatory treatment, [144] vanadium carbide nanosheets with enhanced NIR photothermal performance, [145] Bi/phthalocyanine manganese photo sensitizer nanocomposites with high magnetic resonance and CT imaging performance for photothermal and photodynamic therapy, [146] supramolecular photo thermal nanodrugs BSA-pheophorbide a-Mn 2+ nanoparticle with heating-enhanced photothermal effects, [147] the MOF Hf-UiO-66 archetype structure incorporated with photoactive tetratopic chlorin ligands for multimodal CT/thermal/photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal-photodynamic anticancer therapy. [148] An interesting work presented a core-shell nanotheranostic agents, that is, the FeCo core nanomaterials and bore graphitic carbon shells grafted with PEG, providing not only the high magnetic particle imaging signal intensity and the photoacoustic imaging function, but also photothermal and magnetothermal properties for efficient tumor elimination in mice.…”

Progress and Perspective: MXene and MXene‐Based Nanomaterials for High‐Performance Energy Storage Devices

“…To obtain the single layer or few‐layer MXene nanosheets, the prepared multi‐layered MXene can be further exfoliated by the organic intercalator, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), [ 53 ] tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, [ 54,55 ] etc. Apart from organic molecules, gentle water freezing‐and‐thawing approach, [ 56 ] algae extraction, [ 57 ] hydrazine monohydrate, [ 58 ] various metal ions (Li + , K + , and Na + ) [ 59 ] can act as suitable intercalants.…”