Algal biomass extract as mediator for copper oxide nanoparticle synthesis: Applications in control of fungal, bacterial growth, and photocatalytic degradations of dyes

Abstract

Recently, algae have attracted the attention of investigators as a renewable source of compounds that can contribute to nanoparticle creation. The use algae biomass to facilitate preparation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs), as well as their application, were the aims of the present study. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of algal biomass indicated the presence of daidzein (2550 µg/mL), followed by ellagic acid (596 µg/mL). Algal biomass extract was successful as a bio-reducing agent for CuONPs fabrication at different temperatures up to 50 °C. Transmission electron microscopy characterized the created CuONPs with average size 5 to 17 nm. The colony radius of M. anisopliae, T. harzianum, C. lunata, F. oxysporium, A. flavus, and A. terreus was 1.84 ± 0.08, 1.97 ± 0.03, 1.00 ± 0.08, 2.04 ± 0.03, 2.32 ± 0.06, and 2.42 ± 0.05 cm, respectively at 200 mg of CuONPs. CuONPs exhibited inhibition zones of 26, 23, 25, and 22 mm when tested against B. subtilis, E.coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus, respectively. Methyl orange and methyl green dyes were degraded by CuONPs with percentages ranging from 9.5 to 63.7% and from 22.3 to 75.7% at 15 to 90 min, respectively. Therefore, the created CuONPs can be regarded as excellent candidates for controlling fungal/bacterial development and dyes degradation.

Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles via biomass of Hypnea pannosa as a green mediator and their biological applications

“…Hexadecanoic acid (25.7%) and isopropyl myristate (18.3%) had the greatest content proportions in the H. pannosa ethanol extract, followed by á-sitosterol, methyl ester, phenylmethyl ester, octadecanoic acid, ergosta-5,22-dien-3-ol, (3á,22e,24s), stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3á,24s), and cholest-5-en-3-ol (3á), with area% of 5.80, 5.47, 4.09, 3.67, 3.32, 1.84, 1.27, and 1.23%, respectively. These compounds and other metabolites may play a vital role in the creation of ZnONPs as mentioned in other investigations (Alsalamah et al 2023;Alghonaim et al 2024).…”

“…The plates were incubated for 24 h and 72 h at 37 and 30 °C, respectively, and then the zones of inhibition were evaluated. Every test was conducted 3 times, as in this reference with some modifications (Alsalamah et al 2023).…”

“…A crucial method for verifying the formation and stability of metal NPs in aqueous solutions is UV-visible spectroscopy (Alsalamah et al 2023(Alsalamah et al , 2024.…”

“…ZnO-NPs generated through H. pannosa showed strong antibacterial efficacy vs. both infections in the present investigation. Antimicrobial activity ZnO-NPs was reported in other studies (Anjali et al 2021;Alsalamah et al 2023;Abdelhady et al 2024). For determination of MICs and MBCs of ZnO-NPs against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Candida albicans, and Candida auris, the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of Zn-ONPs (16.62-1000 µg/mL) were investigated (data not tabulated).…”

“…Strong surface-to-volume ratios are among the distinctive features of nanotechnologies that render particles with nano sizes fascinating (Hemaid et al 2021;Alghonaim et al 2024b). Nanoparticles (NPs) tend to be responsive compared to bulk substances because of unique features of NPs such as high surface area to volume ratios, low melting points, and excellent mechanical strength optical and magnetic properties (Alsalamah et al 2023).…”