Algal cellulose, production and potential use in plastics: Challenges and opportunities

Zanchetta, Enio; Damergi, Eya; Patel, Bhavish; Borgmeyer, Tobias; Pick, Horst; Pulgarin, Adrian; Ludwig, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102288

Cited by 129 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…The other type is algal cellulose that is present in the cell wall of algae. Due to their size and structure, the algae can be divided into microalgae and macroalgae [ 17 , 18 ]. Another type is cellulose of bacterial origin, i.e., bionanocellulose (abbreviated as BNC or BC; also called microbial cellulose, MC), produced by various strains of bacteria, e.g., Gluconacetobacter xylinus, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, Rhodobacter , or Sarcina .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bionanocellulose/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composites Produced by In-Situ Method and Ex-Situ/Impregnation or Sterilization Methods

2021

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The purpose of the work was to obtain composites based on bionanocellulose (BNC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for specific biomedical and cosmetic applications and to determine how the method and conditions of their preparation affect their utility properties. Three different ways of manufacturing these composites (in-situ method and ex-situ methods combined with sterilization or impregnation) were presented. The structure and morphology of BNC/PVA composites were studied by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and scanning microscopy (SEM, AFM). Surface properties were tested by contact angle measurements. The degree of crystallinity of the BNC fibrils was determined by means of the XRD method. The mechanical properties of the BNC/PVA films were examined using tensile tests and via the determination of their bursting strength. The water uptake of the obtained materials was determined through the gravimetric method. The results showed that PVA added to the nutrient medium caused an increase in biosynthesis yield. Moreover, an increase in base weight was observed in composites of all types due to the presence of PVA. The ex-situ composites revealed excellent water absorption capacity. The in-situ composites appeared to be the most durable and elastic materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bionanocellulose/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composites Produced by In-Situ Method and Ex-Situ/Impregnation or Sterilization Methods

2021

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“…Bioplastics derived from seaweed could be a promising area of plastics production research over agro-polymers biomass. Where seaweed biomass contains less lignin and more long-chain hydrocarbons than terrestrial plants (21–31% lignin, 26–43% cellulose, and 30% hemicelluloses), high-purity cellulose can be extracted economically to make bioplastics (Dang et al 2022 ; Zanchetta et al 2021 ; Yang et al 2019 ). In addition, seaweeds are distinguished by a rapid growth rate, a diverse cultivation environment, and the absence of a requirement for arable land (Yong et al 2022 ; Dang et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Seaweed-derived Bioplasticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweed for climate mitigation, wastewater treatment, bioenergy, bioplastic, biochar, food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics: a review

et al. 2022

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The development and recycling of biomass production can partly solve issues of energy, climate change, population growth, food and feed shortages, and environmental pollution. For instance, the use of seaweeds as feedstocks can reduce our reliance on fossil fuel resources, ensure the synthesis of cost-effective and eco-friendly products and biofuels, and develop sustainable biorefinery processes. Nonetheless, seaweeds use in several biorefineries is still in the infancy stage compared to terrestrial plants-based lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, here we review seaweed biorefineries with focus on seaweed production, economical benefits, and seaweed use as feedstock for anaerobic digestion, biochar, bioplastics, crop health, food, livestock feed, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Globally, seaweeds could sequester between 61 and 268 megatonnes of carbon per year, with an average of 173 megatonnes. Nearly 90% of carbon is sequestered by exporting biomass to deep water, while the remaining 10% is buried in coastal sediments. 500 gigatonnes of seaweeds could replace nearly 40% of the current soy protein production. Seaweeds contain valuable bioactive molecules that could be applied as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants, and in other cosmetics and skincare products.

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“…Its main sources are primarily plants, including wood, as well as algae, tunicate, and metabolic products of some bacteria [ 45 , 46 ]. The highest cellulose content (more than 90%) is characteristic of “bacterial cellulose” (BC), while for other sources this value does not exceed 80% (plant—30–80%, tunicate—about 60%, algae—8–47%) [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. The exception is mature cotton fibers, which consist almost entirely of cellulose (88.0–96.5%) [ 50 ].…”

Section: Cellulose Micro- and Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Cellulose Micro- and Nanomaterials to Improve Properties of Aliphatic Polyesters/Cellulose Composites: A Review

Stepanova

Korzhikova-Vlakh

2022

Polymers

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Aliphatic polyesters/cellulose composites have attracted a lot attention due to the perspectives of their application in biomedicine and the production of disposable materials, food packaging, etc. Both aliphatic polyesters and cellulose are biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, which makes them highly promising for the production of “green” composite materials. However, the main challenge in obtaining composites with favorable properties is the poor compatibility of these polymers. Unlike cellulose, which is very hydrophilic, aliphatic polyesters exhibit strong hydrophobic properties. In recent times, the modification of cellulose micro- and nanomaterials is widely considered as a tool to enhance interfacial biocompatibility with aliphatic polyesters and, consequently, improve the properties of composites. This review summarizes the main types and properties of cellulose micro- and nanomaterials as well as aliphatic polyesters used to produce composites with cellulose. In addition, the methods for noncovalent and covalent modification of cellulose materials with small molecules, polymers and nanoparticles have been comprehensively overviewed and discussed. Composite fabrication techniques, as well as the effect of cellulose modification on the mechanical and thermal properties, rate of degradation, and biological compatibility have been also analyzed.

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Algal cellulose, production and potential use in plastics: Challenges and opportunities

Cited by 129 publications

References 163 publications

Bionanocellulose/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composites Produced by In-Situ Method and Ex-Situ/Impregnation or Sterilization Methods

Bionanocellulose/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composites Produced by In-Situ Method and Ex-Situ/Impregnation or Sterilization Methods

Seaweed for climate mitigation, wastewater treatment, bioenergy, bioplastic, biochar, food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics: a review

Modification of Cellulose Micro- and Nanomaterials to Improve Properties of Aliphatic Polyesters/Cellulose Composites: A Review

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