Algal Succession on Orphaned Coal Mine Spoils

Shubert, L. Elliot; Starks, Thomas L.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-8365-4.50089-2

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The strong correlation (R 2 =0.92) found between P À PO 3À 4 and chlorophyll a concentrations in the studied dumps is in agreement with a report for coal mine spoils . Chlorophyll a concentrations in the studied Zn/Pb dump soils were generally much lower than in heavy metal-unpolluted coal mine dumps (100-500 μg Chl a g −1 soil; Shubert and Starks 1979) but similar, to Chl a concentrations (1.7-4 μg g −1 ) reported in sparsely vegetated sites adjacent to the chimney smelters in acid-eroded and metal-contaminated soils . In Cu-and Ni-contaminated acidic soils, the chlorophyll content ranged from 2 to 8 μg g −1 soil (Maxwell 1991).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Soil algal communities inhabiting zinc and lead mine spoils

Trzcińska

Pawlik‐Skowrońska

2008

J Appl Phycol

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Algal communities inhabiting four calamine mine spoils differing in time since cessation of exploitation and loaded with high concentrations of zinc (20,284-61,599 μg g −1 soil DW), lead (2,620-3,885 μg g −1 DW) and cadmium (104-232 μg g −1 DW) were studied. In dump soils of slightly alkaline pH (7.28-7.52) and low nutrient (P À PO 3À 4 , N À NH þ 4 , N À NO À 3 ) concentrations, chlorophyll a content ranged from 0.41 to 2.27 μg g −1 soil DW. In total, 23 algal species were recorded. Chlorophyta were the dominant taxonomic group (42-55% of all identified species) followed by Cyanobacteria (28-36%) and Heterokontophyta (13-21%). The highest species richness (18) was observed in the oldest dump (120 years old) with natural succession, while in younger dumps it was lower (11-15). Total algal abundance ranged between 5.5 and 19.1×10 2 ind. g −1 soil DW, and values of Margalef's diversity indices (1.59-2.25) were low. These results may suggest that both high concentrations of heavy metals and low nutrient content influenced the algal communities in all the dumps studied. The differences in algal microflora observed between tailing dumps may indicate that habitat quality improved with time and that algae isolated from Zn/Pb-loaded soils may be Zn/Pbresistant ecotypes of ubiquitous species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Soil algal communities inhabiting zinc and lead mine spoils

Trzcińska

Pawlik‐Skowrońska

2008

J Appl Phycol

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“…Even so, with an r 2 of65%, a significant portion of the variation in algal cell number remains unexplained. Part of the unexplained variation may be due to factors, such as soil nutrient levels, which were not monitored in this study, soil nutrients having been correlated with algal biomass (chlorophyll, cell number and/or acetylene-reduction) in numerous soils (Carson and Brown 1978, Hunt et al 1979, Shubert and Starks 1979, Wilson and Alexander 1979, Starks and Shubert 1982. It is also possible that another model, perhaps one that takes into account the cell number on the previous sampling date, could more closely predict changes in algal number.…”

Section: Algal Densitymentioning

confidence: 95%

Productivity and Density of Soil Algae in an Agricultural System

Shimmel¹,

Darley²

1985

Ecology

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Soil algal productivity and biomass were monitored in a conventional tillage agricultural system from December 1981 through December 1982. Productivity was based on the fixation rate of radiolabeled carbon dioxide. Biomass estimates (cell number and volume) were based on cell counts radiolabeled carbon dioxide. Biomass estimates (cell number and volume) were based on cell counts and measurements done with epifluoroscence microscopy. Algal productivity values (measured as carbon fixation) ranged from 0 to 76 mg°m—2°h—1, values for cell number ranged from 5.85 x 108 to 5.19 x 1010 cells/m2 and the volume of cells was between 34.8 and 7540 mm3/m2. Regression analysis indicates that algal productivity was most closely correlated with the product of cell number and light intensity, while a number of cells per square metre was most closely correlated with the product of temperature and moisture. The logarithm of the average volume per cell was inversely correlated with soil moisture and temperature. The percentage of algae present as aggregates was proportional to moisture and the square of temperature. Total annual productivity (as carbon) was estimated to be 39 g/m2.

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“…Soil algae (both eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria [Cyanoprokaryota, Cyanophyta] are considered) are cosmopolitan photoautotrophic microorganisms occurring in all terrestrial habitats from Antarctica to hot deserts. They are important colonizers of bare soils and newly exposed substrata of both natural and technogenic origin, such as those due to postvolcanic activity, deglaciation, fires, or different mining activities (Schwabe & Behre 1971; Shubert & Starks 1979; Metting 1981; Rayburn et al 1982; Ashley & Rushforth 1984; Maxwell 1991). As primary producers, algae provide organic matter and serve as a food source for soil invertebrates (Nekrasova et al 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these facts, there are few published studies concerning algal communities on dumps after coal mining, and those are restricted to the vast mining areas in the U.S.A. and the former Soviet Union. In North Dakota, Shubert and Starks (1979) studied algal succession on naturally revegetated mine spoil banks; Starks and Shubert (1979) examined the soil algae of revegetated plots, which had been treated with a variety of amendments. The same researchers (Shubert & Starks 1980) evaluated the relationships of algae to the soil environments, studying algae together with soil chemical and physical properties in surface mined soils in semiarid and arid areas in Arizona, New Mexico, and North Dakota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Algae in Brown Coal and Lignite Post‐Mining Areas in Central Europe (Czech Republic and Germany)

Lukešová

2001

Restoration Ecology

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Algal communities were investigated in two contrasting chronosequences established on reclaimed spoils in the west Bohemian brown coal mining district near Sokolov (Czech Republic) and in the Lusatian lignite mining district near Cottbus (Germany). The Sokolov chronosequence was characterized by tertiary cypric clay substrate, afforestation with Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., and high pH of deposited spoil material, Cottbus chronosequence by tertiary carboniferous and pyritic sand of extremely low pH ameliorated by fly ash, and afforestation with Pinus sylvestris L. and P. nigra Arnold. A total of 122 species of algae was found in both areas. Although the same species number (80) was identified from Sokolov and Cottbus, both proportion of individual algal groups and species composition were different. Green algae prevailed in both areas, but in Sokolov cyanobacteria and diatoms were also quite diverse, and in younger sites they were also abundant. Total abundance of algae ranged mostly between 10 4 -10 7 cells/g dry soil, and was one order higher in Cottbus than in Sokolov. Species number was high in young sites, decreased with increasing age, and was the lowest in control forests. In Sokolov, the highest abundance was recorded in the youngest alder plantation. In Cottbus, sludge and compost fertilization used in the youngest pine plantations resulted in rapid formation of visible algal crusts dominated by Klebsormidium crenulatum (Kütz) Lokhorst. š

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Algal Succession on Orphaned Coal Mine Spoils

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Soil algal communities inhabiting zinc and lead mine spoils

Soil algal communities inhabiting zinc and lead mine spoils

Productivity and Density of Soil Algae in an Agricultural System

Soil Algae in Brown Coal and Lignite Post‐Mining Areas in Central Europe (Czech Republic and Germany)

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