Alginate-, Carboxymethyl Cellulose-, and κ-Carrageenan-Based Microparticles as Storage Vehicles for Cranberry Extract

Abstract

This study discusses the relationship between the structural properties of the selected polysaccharides (low (ALGLV) and medium viscosity (ALGMV) sodium alginate, 90 kDa (CMC90) and 250 kDa (CMC250) carboxymethyl cellulose, and κ-carrageenan (CARκ)) and their abilities to serve as protective materials of encapsulated large cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) fruit extract (CE) from losing its health beneficial activities during long-term storage. The microparticles were characterized in terms of their encapsulation efficiency (UV-Vis and FTIR), morphology (SEM) and the physical stability in various environments (gravimetry). The microparticles’ size and encapsulation efficiency were 46–50 µm and 28–58%, respectively, and the microparticles were physically stable. CMC90 and ALGMV most efficiently protected the plant extract from losing its biological activity after 18 months, while the plant extract stored outside the particles had lost its activity. CE was intended for oral administration, thus CE release from the microparticles was monitored in vitro under gastrointestinal conditions. In vitro gastrointestinal release studies revealed that the ALGMV-, CMC90-, and CMC250-based particles exhibited the desired intestinal release pattern. This result supports the suitability of sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose for the safe delivery of CE to the intestines while maintaining its biological properties and improving long-term storage stability.

Microfluidic Systems For Manufacturing of Microparticle-Based Drug-Delivery Systems: Design, Construction, and Operation

“…The type of emulsion that is intended to be produced depends on the chemical feature of the drug carrier (i.e., polymer) and the drug itself. For instance, hydrophilic drugs (e.g., proteins, peptides, or small molecules) can be encapsulated in hydrophilic drug carriers, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, alginate, gelatin, or chitosan, via generation of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, while water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions are necessary for the encapsulation of hydrophilic drugs in hydrophobic drug carriers, such as PLGA, poly­(lactic acid) (PLA), or poly­(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). ,− If both the drug carrier and drug are hydrophobic (e.g., small molecules) and exhibit good solubility in a common organic solvent, an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion will be suitable for hydrophobic drug encapsulation. , In addition, hydrophobic drugs can be encapsulated in hydrophilic drug carriers such as hyaluronic acid by oil-in-water-in-oil emulsions (O/W/O) Table lists most widely used biodegradable polymers for emulsion-based microparticle production including the common solvents and a representative drug/polymer/solvent combination with corresponding emulsion type for each polymer type.…”

Antibacterial Biodegradable Films Based on Alginate with Silver Nanoparticles and Lemongrass Essential Oil–Innovative Packaging for Cheese

“…Mechanical properties are enhanced by adding plasticizers, glycerol being the most common choice due to its superior compatibility with the polymeric matrix [27,28]. Antibacterial activity can be bestowed to the alginate by adding various nanoparticles such as ZnO [29], Ag [30], CuO [31], natural extracts [32][33][34], or other substances of pharmaceutical interest [35][36][37].…”

A review on bioactive metabolites and great biological effects of Cranberry

“…Several classes of phenolic compounds were observed in cranberry. They were classified into Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, phenolic acid, glucoside, flavan-3-ol, flavonol glycoside, polyphenols, proanthocyanidins B-type, organic acids, Mineral composition, considering each metabolite name, molecular formula, occurrence, geographical origins, extraction, and analytical method [5,6,11,13,[16][17][18].…”