Alginate: Properties and biomedical applications

Lee, Kuen Yong; Mooney, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.06.003

Cited by 6,364 publications

(4,419 citation statements)

References 185 publications

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“…Our results revealed that after immersion of crosslinked alginate hydrogels into cell culture medium the hydrogels' storage modulus decreased from 95 kPa (day 1) to approximately 19 kPa on day 7 ( Figure S3a). 34 This could be explained by ionic exchange between calcium and monovalent ions (such as sodium ions). However, this tendency seemed to be reversed by a possible continuation of the crosslinking, by adding calcium ions to the medium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This happens due to the release of calcium ions into the surrounding media caused by the exchange with monovalent cations (such as sodium ions present in the medium). 34 This could be either an advantage (enabling cell release from the hydrogel) or a disadvantage (when long-term cultivation is required). To address this problem, we supplemented the culture medium with 1% (v/v) solution of CaCl 2 ( Figure S7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Hydrogel Particles of Defined Shapes Using Superhydrophobic‐Hydrophilic Micropatterns

et al. 2016

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We report a method to rapidly fabricate alginate hydrogel particles of specific sizes and shapes.Our method is based on the formation of arrays of droplets of pre-hydrogel solutions on superhydrophobic-hydrophilic patterns using the process of discontinuous dewetting, followed by their gelation via the parallel addition of CaCl 2 to the individual droplets via the sandwiching method. We demonstrate that viability of living cells incorporated within the hydrogel particles is higher during the long-term cultivation than in the case of cells cultured in the bulk threedimensional hydrogel matrix. Incorporation of magnetic particles into the free-standing hydrogel particles containing living cells enabled ease manipulation of the particles using an external magnetic field.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Hydrogel Particles of Defined Shapes Using Superhydrophobic‐Hydrophilic Micropatterns

et al. 2016

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“…In contrast, the reloading curves in DN gels follow the previous unloading curve indicating the permanent nature of the damage occurring in these covalently crosslinked gels. The high toughness and mechanical recoverability of the hybrid gel system originates from the ionic crosslinks, where the guluronic units (also known as G group) on the alginate chains are associated by Ca 2+ ions to form a zip-like junction described by a socalled "egg-box" model [10][11][12][13]. When a hybrid gel is subject to external force the crosslinks are "unzipped", dissipating dissociation energy of the ionic bonds and entropic energy of the loaded network strands.…”

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confidence: 99%

Time-dependent mechanical properties of tough ionic-covalent hybrid hydrogels

Xin

Brown

Naficy

et al. 2015

Polymer

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Hybrid gels featuring interpenetrating covalent and ionic crosslinked networks have recently been shown to exhibit both high toughness and recoverability of strain-induced network damage. The high toughness results from the energy dissipated as entropically strained network strands are released by the dissociation of ionic crosslinks. As in the so-called double network hydrogels, the toughening process is inherently linked to network damage. This damage, however, can be recovered to a large degree in hybrid gels due to the reformation of ionic associations when the gel is unloaded. The stability of the ionic network under load is here investigated and it is shown that these networks show large stress relaxation at constant strain, time dependent stress-strain behaviour and rate-dependent toughness. A double exponential model is invoked to mathematically describe the stress relaxation of the hybrid gels indicating at least two relaxation mechanisms. The rate-dependent toughness and the relaxation behaviour of the hybrid gels are attributed to the labile unzipping of the ionic crosslinks which is assumed to be load and time dependent. AbstractHybrid gels featuring interpenetrating covalent and ionic crosslinked networks have recently been shown to exhibit both high toughness and recoverability of strain-induced network damage. The high toughness results from the energy dissipated as entropically strained network strands are released by the dissociation of ionic crosslinks. As in the socalled double network hydrogels, the toughening process is inherently linked to network damage. This damage, however, can be recovered to a large degree in hybrid gels due to the reformation of ionic associations when the gel is unloaded. The stability of the ionic network under load is here investigated and it is shown that these networks show large stress relaxation at constant strain, time dependent stress-strain behaviour and rate-dependent toughness. A double exponential model is invoked to mathematically describe the stress relaxation of the hybrid gels indicating at least two relaxation mechanisms. The ratedependent toughness and the relaxation behaviour of the hybrid gels are attributed to the labile unzipping of the ionic crosslinks which is assumed to be load and time dependent.

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“…Cells of the hepatic cell line Hepg2 were printed with alginate as the crosslinking agent, but cell viability was reduced when a high‐extrusion pressure from the printing device was applied 28. Because alginate is characteristically bioinert to mammalian cells and therefore not supportive of cell differentiation and survival, other biomaterials have been explored 29. For example, the use of gelatin as a base material ensures the control of ink thickness and higher printability 27.…”

Section: Implantable Technologies For Liver Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver tissue engineering: From implantable tissue to whole organ engineering

Mazza

Al‐Akkad

Rombouts

et al. 2017

Hepatology Communications

113

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The term “liver tissue engineering” summarizes one of the ultimate goals of modern biotechnology: the possibility of reproducing in total or in part the functions of the liver in order to treat acute or chronic liver disorders and, ultimately, create a fully functional organ to be transplanted or used as an extracorporeal device. All the technical approaches in the area of liver tissue engineering are based on allocating adult hepatocytes or stem cell‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells within a three‐dimensional structure able to ensure their survival and to maintain their functional phenotype. The hosting structure can be a construct in which hepatocytes are embedded in alginate and/or gelatin or are seeded in a pre‐arranged scaffold made with different types of biomaterials. According to a more advanced methodology termed three‐dimensional bioprinting, hepatocytes are mixed with a bio‐ink and the mixture is printed in different forms, such as tissue‐like layers or spheroids. In the last decade, efforts to engineer a cell microenvironment recapitulating the dynamic native extracellular matrix have become increasingly successful, leading to the hope of satisfying the clinical demand for tissue (or organ) repair and replacement within a reasonable timeframe. Indeed, the preclinical work performed in recent years has shown promising results, and the advancement in the biotechnology of bioreactors, ex vivo perfusion machines, and cell expansion systems associated with a better understanding of liver development and the extracellular matrix microenvironment will facilitate and expedite the translation to technical applications. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:131–141)

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Alginate: Properties and biomedical applications

Cited by 6,364 publications

References 185 publications

Fabrication of Hydrogel Particles of Defined Shapes Using Superhydrophobic‐Hydrophilic Micropatterns

Fabrication of Hydrogel Particles of Defined Shapes Using Superhydrophobic‐Hydrophilic Micropatterns

Time-dependent mechanical properties of tough ionic-covalent hybrid hydrogels

Liver tissue engineering: From implantable tissue to whole organ engineering

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