“…It can also help predict yield to ensure the economic value to be gained, as well as the early detection of diseases spread in crops, to enable timely preventive measures [101]. Various technologies used are Bluetooth, RFID, Zigbee, GPS as well as other technologies which are gaining popularity in this application, namely SigFox, LoRa, NB-IoT, edge computing and cloud computing [102]. Some of the main components of IoT-based smart agriculture are smart plowing, smart irrigation, smart fertilization, smart harvesting, smart stock maintenance, smart livestock management that deals with smart tracking of animals, intelligent health monitoring, intelligent feeding and fodder management, etc.…”