Aliasing Effect on Flux Ramp Demodulation: Nonlinearity in the Microwave Squid Multiplexer

Salum, J.M.; Muscheid, T.; Fuster, Alan; Redondo, M.E. García; Hampel, Matías Rolf; Ferreyro, L.P.; M., Geria, J.; Bonilla-Neira, J.; Müller, N.; Bonaparte, J.; Almela, A.; Perez, L.E. Ardila; Platino, M.; Sander, Oliver; Weber, M.

doi:10.1007/s10909-023-02993-z

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The rectangular window filter was chosen since it is the standard [7,8,[14][15][16] to recover the detector signal from the µMUX. Although, it is not the best window filter to attenuate the harmonics of the SQUID signal as explained in [9]. The center frequency of the filter (which should match the f mod frequency) was varied between 10 and 100 kHz in steps of 5.96 Hz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, a sketch of the processed SQUID signal spectrum is given. The SQUID signal frequency (f mod ) is defined by the FR frequency (f ramp ) and amplitude in terms of number of magnetic flux quanta (N Φ0 ) as f mod = N Φ0 f ramp [9]. The illustration also shows noise components in red such as white noise and flicker noise which determine the SNR of the detector signal.…”

Section: Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral Engineering For Optimal Signal Performance In The Microwave SQUID Multiplexer

Salum,

Redondo,

Ferreyro

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We describe a technique to optimize the dynamic performance of Microwave SQUID Multiplexer (μMUX) based systems. These systems proved to be adequate for reading out multiple cryogenic detectors simultaneously. However, the requirement for denser detector arrays to increase the sensitivity of scientific experiments makes its design a challenge. By modifying the readout power per channel, there is a trade-off between decreasing the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and boosting the nonlinearities of the active devices. The latter is characterized by the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) parameter and manifests as an increment in the intermodulation products and harmonics power. We estimate the optimal spectral location of the SQUID signal containing the detector information for different channels. Through this, what we refer to as Spectral Engineering, is possible to overcome the trade-off. By this technique, it is possible to minimize the SNR degradation of all the detector signals while maximizing their SFDR.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral Engineering For Optimal Signal Performance In The Microwave SQUID Multiplexer

Salum,

Redondo,

Ferreyro

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The thermal exchange produces fluctuations in the spin system that translate to a measurable magnetization variation, coupled via a flux transformer to a Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID). For multiplexing of large detector arrays, a Microwave SQUID multiplexer (µMux) [6][7][8][9][10] can be used.…”

Section: Detector Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Antenna Coupled Magnetic Microbolometers for CMB Polarization Surveys

Geria,

Almela,

Bonaparte

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In this work, we propose an alternative type of magnetic bolometer to be employed in the search of primordial B-modes in the CMB. These magnetic bolometers are an adaption of the well-known Metallic Magnetic Calorimeters used in particle physics. They rely on the magnetization dependence on temperature of alloys such as Au:Er and Ag:Er. In addition to the low intrinsic noise a magnetic bolometer of this nature offers, the broad and smooth magnetization dependence with temperature of metallic magnetic sensors ultimately translates to a high dynamic range and straightforward calibration.The results show how antenna-coupled Metallic Magnetic Bolometers are a promising detector architecture for polarization measurements of millimeter- and sub-millimeter-wave radiation. Their intrinsic noise equivalent power is estimated to be in the range of 10 to 100 aW / Hz1/2, which means background limited detection is possible.

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“…Local oscillators for all of the mixing stages are provided by on board phase locked loop + voltage controlled oscillator integrated circuits sharing a common reference frequency for coherence and stability. The readout system shown in figure 1 also includes the flux-ramp modulator to linearize the SQUIDs response [11,13]. Finally the channelization process is implemented in the back-end using a Goertzel filter, that optimizes the use of the available bandwidth [4].…”

Section: Warm Front-end and Back-end Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Magnetic Microbolometer detection chain: A proposed detection system to observe the B modes of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Platino,

Redondo,

Muscheid

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Several experiments are currently carried out to measure the magnitude of the B mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). It is a strong indicator of the presence of gravitational waves from the early universe inflationary epoch. As the average variations of the B mode components of the CMB are expected to be of the order of a few tens of nK or below, the detection of these polarized signals requires an ultra sensitive system. This article is focused on instruments that take advantage of an interferometer stage, followed by a bolometer stage sensitive to frequencies around the 150 GHz band of the EM spectrum, which corresponds to the measured CMB temperature of 2.7 K. The bolometers in the focal plane of these experiments are usually coupled to an array of direct current Superconducting Quatum Interference Devices (SQUIDs), that allow the highly sensitive detection requirements for observing the B modes. We propose a detection system for these kinds of instruments based on a Software Defined Radio (SDR) that uses Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), a Goertzel channelizer and a radio frequency SQUID micro multiplexer (uMUX) working at the cryogenic temperatures of 320 mK. These interfaces are used to read an array of 1024 Magnetic Microbolometers (MMBs) as detectors that are photon limited for CMB detection in the band of interest. As part of the requirements for these measurements, we introduce a design of the detection and read out chain, show its expected performance and potential implementation. The proposed system can read the desired number of detectors from an array in a modular way, which allows future expansions, and its frequency division multiplexing (FDM) system improves the cooling capacity of the cryostat by minimizing the amount of active cryogenic electronics.

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Aliasing Effect on Flux Ramp Demodulation: Nonlinearity in the Microwave Squid Multiplexer

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Spectral Engineering For Optimal Signal Performance In The Microwave SQUID Multiplexer

Spectral Engineering For Optimal Signal Performance In The Microwave SQUID Multiplexer

Antenna Coupled Magnetic Microbolometers for CMB Polarization Surveys

The Magnetic Microbolometer detection chain: A proposed detection system to observe the B modes of the Cosmic Microwave Background

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