Alien plant invasions of protected areas in Java, Indonesia

Padmanaba, Michael; Tomlinson, Kyle W.; Hughes, Alice C.

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09768-z

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…African acacia ( Acacia nilotica ) has invaded the native savannah since it was introduced in 1969 (Padmanaba, Tomlinson, Hughes, & Corlett, ; Setiabudi et al, ). Human encroachment, land conversion, and invasive species leaves BNP in need of extensive management efforts in order to conserve the biodiversity (Padmanaba et al, ; Pudyatmoko, ; Pudyatmoko et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Hansen

Nawangsari

Beest

et al. 2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Knowledge about distribution of primate species and their densities is crucial for conservation and management. However, such information is often lacking or anecdotal, even for seemingly abundant species. Long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are distributed across southeast Asia and recognized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group (IUCN SSC PSG) as both widespread and rapidly declining. Precise local density and abundance data are scarce across their range. To provide density and abundance estimates for a long-tailed macaque population we conducted line transect distance sampling throughout Baluran National Park (250 km 2 ), East Java, Indonesia covering all habitats. Long-tailed macaque density was 41.4 ind/km 2 (95% confidence interval, CI: 23.04-74.39), with an estimated abundance of 10,350 individuals (95% CI: 5,760-18,598). A density of 41.4 ind/km 2 is lower than previous estimates for other sites in Java. Species distribution and habitat suitability analysis revealed a macaque preference for areas close to or on roads and trails, invasive acacia and/or native savannah. Long-tailed macaques were provisioned with human food by commuters and tourists along roads and trails, probably structuring their distribution/habitat use.To evaluate if long-tailed-macaques have been overestimated for years, we also conducted a nonrandom point distance sampling survey according to macaque presence restricted to roads and trails. This survey provided density and abundance results much higher than the line transect distance sampling survey. Our study provides much needed baseline data for this species. Baluran National Park management and management in other areas can use these results to create informed management decisions regarding long-tailed macaques. We recommend conducting systematic surveys of long-tailed macaques throughout their range, and possibly reassessing conservation status, and conservation and management measures for long-tailed macaques. K E Y W O R D Sabundance, line transect, management, point distance sampling, protected areas, species distribution models, systematic

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Hansen

Nawangsari

Beest

et al. 2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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“…These settlements were already established when the park was gazetted in 1980 [40], and their approximately 4000 domestic cows and goats use 22% of national park habitat for grazing, which has had a negative impact on native mammal wildlife occurrence in the area [39]. Native wildlife in BNP is also threatened by invasive acacia (Acacia nilotica), that has invaded the native savannah, and in 2013 covered roughly 90% of it [41,42]. Tourism is extensive in designated areas (86,000 visitors in 2017) [pers.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat suitability analysis reveals high ecological flexibility in a “strict” forest primate

et al. 2020

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Background: Research of many mammal species tends to focus on single habitats, reducing knowledge of ecological flexibility. The Javan lutung (Trachypithecus auratus) is considered a strict forest primate, and little is known about populations living in savannah. In 2017-2018, we investigated the density and distribution of Javan lutung in Baluran National Park, Indonesia. We conducted ad libitum follows and line transect distance sampling with habitat suitability analysis of Javan lutung. Results: Estimated density was 14.91 individuals km − 2 (95% CI 7.91-28.08), and estimated population size was 3727 individuals (95% CI 1979 -7019). Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) habitat suitability was the main driver of lutung habitat suitability as the probability of lutung occurrence increased greatly with macaque habitat suitability. Distance to roads, and distance to secondary forest had a negative relationship with lutung occurrence. Lutung habitat suitability decreased with increasing elevation, however, Mt Baluran and the primary forest on Mt Baluran was under-sampled due to treacherous conditions. Follows of six focus groups revealed considerable use of savannah, with terrestrial travel. The follows also revealed polyspecific associations with long-tailed macaques through shared sleeping sites and inter-specific vocalisations. Conclusions:Our study provides new knowledge on the general ecology of Javan lutung, such as use of savannah habitats, underlining our need to branch out in our study sites to understand the flexibility and adaptability of our study species. Another undocumented behaviour is the polyspecific association with long-tailed macaques. We encourage more research on this subject.

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“…As of 2016, the prickly acacia has invaded more than 6000 hectares of BNP (Padmanaba et al 2017) and recently not only invading savannah but also the dry forest in BNP (Sutomo et al 2019). The invasion is predicted to be more severe in the future due to climate change (Sutomo and Etten 2017).…”

Section: The Effect Of Acacia Nilotica Invasion and Its Mitigation Efmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: The invasion of Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, Indonesia, and potential future control strategies

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Zahra S, Hofstetter RW, Waring KM, Gehring C. 2020. Review: The invasion of Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, Indonesia, and potential future control strategies. Biodiversitas 21: 104-116. Acacia nilotica, commonly called prickly acacia, is infamous for its ability to invade various ecosystems, especially savannah. The tree was introduced to Baluran National Park (BNP), Indonesia in 1969 and nowadays has invaded more than 50% of BNP savannah habitat. Its presence has had significant negative impacts on local flora and fauna of the park. Physical and chemical eradication efforts of this plant have been conducted in the park but these have failed. Little is known about the tree invasion in Indonesia and no control suggestions have previously been proposed. Here, we review the causes and history of the invasion of this tree, describe previous attempts to eradicate the tree, and provide possible containment and control strategies. We describe 12 strategies based on successes and failures to control this tree in Indonesia and other countries and divide the methods into four categories: (i) physical: girdling the trunk, uprooting with winch, manual seedling uprooting, defloration, and restoration with fire; (ii) chemical: using biochar or herbicides; (iii) biological: using native plant competitors (grasses, shade trees), predators (insect) and pathogens (fungi) or microorganisms; (iv) social: centralized tree utilization, education outreach, and stakeholder collaboration. We summarize the relative effectiveness and efficiency of each method and explain how to integrate the aforementioned methods to help authorities choose the most appropriate strategies for their resources, needs and goals.

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Alien plant invasions of protected areas in Java, Indonesia

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Habitat suitability analysis reveals high ecological flexibility in a “strict” forest primate

Review: The invasion of Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, Indonesia, and potential future control strategies

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