Alien plants, animals, fungi and algae in Norway: an inventory of neobiota

Sandvik, Hanno; Dolmen, Dag; Elven, Reidar; Falkenhaug, Tone; Forsgren, Elisabet; Hansen, Haakon; Hassel, Kristian; Husa, Vivian; Kjærstad, Gaute; Ødegaard, Frode; Pedersen, Hans Christian; Solheim, Halvor; Stokke, Bård G.; Åsen, Per Arvid; Åström, Sandra; Brandrud, Tor Erik; Elven, Hallvard; Endrestøl, Anders; Finstad, Anders G.; Fredriksen, Stein; Gammelmo, Øivind; Gjershaug, Jan Ove; Gulliksen, Bjørn; Hamnes, Inger Sofie; Hatteland, Bjørn Arild; Hegre, Hanne; Hesthagen, Trygve; Jelmert, Anders; Jensen, Thomas Correll; Johnsen, Stein Ivar; Karlsbakk, Egil; Magnusson, Christer Sven; Nedreaas, Kjell Harald; Nordén, Björn; Oug, Eivind; Pedersen, Oddvar; Pedersen, Per Anker; Sjøtun, Kjersti; Skei, Jon Kristian; Solstad, Heidi; Sundheim, Leif; Swenson, Jon E.; Syvertsen, Per Ole; Talgø, Venche; Vandvik, Vigdis; Westergaard, Kristine Bakke; Wienerroither, Rupert; Ytrehus, Bjørnar; Hilmo, Olga; Henriksen, Snorre; Gederaas, Lisbeth

doi:10.1007/s10530-019-02058-x

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Chenopodium album is the most widespread species found in thirteen of twentythree subregions (classified mainly by flora), with Stellaria media and Fallopia convolvulus both in eleven regions (Wasowicz et al 2019). On Svalbard (Norway), an archipelago in the Arctic, 96 nonnative plant species were recorded (Sandvik et al 2019). Most are casual nonnatives but two are naturalized: Barbarea vulgaris and Anthriscus sylvestris.…”

Section: Movements In the Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moving up and over: redistribution of plants in alpine, Arctic, and Antarctic ecosystems under global change

Rew

McDougall

Alexander

et al. 2020

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Extreme abiotic conditions, geographic isolation, and low levels of disturbance have historically provided alpine, Arctic, and Antarctic regions with low input of and relative resistance to the introduction of new species. However, the climate is warming rapidly, concomitant with intense and diversified types of human influence in these cold environments. Consequently, many plant species, both native and nonnative, are now moving or expanding their ranges to higher elevations and latitudes, creating new species interactions and assemblages that challenge biodiversity conservation. Based on our synthesis, many of the same nonnative species invade multiple cold environments, and many more could move up or over from adjoining warmer areas. Transportation networks and the disturbances associated with burgeoning development are responsible for many movements. Prevention and monitoring for nonnative plant species is of paramount importance, and management should be directed toward species that negatively impact ecosystem function or human well-being. Management of native range shifters is more complicated; most movements will be desirable, but some may be locally undesirable. Overall, plant movements into alpine, arctic, and Antarctic areas are going to increase, and management will need to be adaptive because species movements and assemblages of the past will not reflect those of the future.

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Section: Movements In the Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most are casual nonnatives but two are naturalized: Barbarea vulgaris and Anthriscus sylvestris. Many of the casual nonnatives, including Rumex acetosa found on both Svalbard and Jan Mayen Island, and the naturalized Anthriscus sylvestris likely spread from mainland Norway, where they are considered native (Sandvik et al 2019).…”

Section: Movements In the Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving up and over: redistribution of plants in alpine, Arctic, and Antarctic ecosystems under global change

Rew

McDougall

Alexander

et al. 2020

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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“…The 103 worst alien species are rather unevenly distributed taxonomically (Table4). The main reason is that plants dominate among alien species in Norway (Table2; see Sandvik et al., 2019a). A further factor is that many alien plants and vertebrates have been imported (and partly also released) intentionally, meaning that there has been a likely pre‐selection of species that cope with Norwegian climate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first assessment was carried out in 2007 (Gederaas, Salvesen, & Viken, 2007), the second in 2012 (Gederaas, Moen, Sandmark, & Skjelseth, 2013) and the third was completed in 2018. This last assessment included all alien species that are reproducing in Norway in the wild or may be expected to do so within 50 years, according to a recent inventory (Sandvik et al., 2019a), and that fulfil some additional delimitations. The impact assessments followed a quantitative method developed specifically for this aim, the Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species (GEIAA; Sandvik et al., 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien species in Norway: Results from quantitative ecological impact assessments

Sandvik

Hilmo

Henriksen

et al. 2020

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. Due to globalisation, trade and transport, the spread of alien species is increasing dramatically. Some alien species become ecologically harmful by threatening native biota. This can lead to irreversible changes in local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and, ultimately, to biotic homogenisation. 2. We risk‐assessed all alien plants, animals, fungi and algae, within certain delimitations, that are known to reproduce in Norway. Mainland Norway and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard plus Jan Mayen were treated as separate assessment areas. Assessments followed the Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species (GEIAA) protocol, which uses a fully quantitative set of criteria. 3. A total of 1,519 species were risk‐assessed, of which 1,183 were species reproducing in mainland Norway. Among these, 9% were assessed to have a severe impact, 7% high impact, 7% potentially high impact, and 49% low impact, whereas 29% had no known impact. In Svalbard, 16 alien species were reproducing, one of which with a severe impact. 4. The impact assessments also covered 319 so‐called door‐knockers, that is, species that are likely to establish in Norway within 50 years, and 12 regionally alien species. Of the door‐knockers, 8% and 10% were assessed to have a severe and high impact, respectively. 5. The impact category of most species was driven by negative interactions with native species, transformation of threatened ecosystems, or genetic contamination. The proportion of alien species with high or severe impact varied significantly across the different pathways of introduction, taxonomic groups, time of introduction and the environments colonised, but not across continents of origin. 6. Given the large number of alien species reproducing in Norway and the preponderance of species with low impact, it is neither realistic nor necessary to eradicate all of them. Our results can guide management authorities in two ways. First, the use of quantitative assessment criteria facilitates the prioritisation of management resources across species. Second, the background information collected for each species, such as introduction pathways, area of occupancy and ecosystems affected, helps designing appropriate management measures.

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“…В Финляндии часто культивируется как декоративное растение и нередко дичает в южной и, реже, в средних частях страны (Kurtto et al, 2019;Lampinen, Lahti, 2019). В Норвегии его начали культивировать еще в XVII веке (Sandvik et al, 2019), впоследствии вид расселился до самого севера страны (Artsdatabanken, 2020). В связи с этим, местонахождение на Рыбачьем полуострове мы связываем с появлением поселений, основанных переселенцами из Финнмарка (Норвегия) в конце XIX -первой половине XX вв.…”

Section: редкие адвентивные видыunclassified

Addition to the non-native flora of Murmansk Region

Kozhin¹,

Borovichev²,

Kravchenko³

et al. 2020

Turczaninowia

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This article presents data on 18 new non-native species to Murmansk Region: Aconitum neomontanum Wulfen. (Rybachy Peninsula), Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara et Grande (Apatity Town), Blitum virgatum L. (Apatity Town), Brassica oleracea L. (Umba Settlement), Campanula barbata L. (vicinity of Kirovsk Town), Chelidonium majus L. (Kandalaksha Town), Crocus vernus (L.) Hill (vicinity of Kovda Settlement), Doronicum carpaticum (Griseb. et Schenk) Nyman (vicinity of Kovda Settlement), Epilobium bergianum A. K. Skvortsov (Murmansk City), Epilobium pseudorubescens A. K. Skvortsov (Murmansk City, Apatity Town), Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Rayakoski Settlement), Lilium maculatumThunb. (Kandalaksha Town), Lilium martagon L. (Rybachy Peninsula), Lychnis chalcedonica L. (Kandalaksha Town), Medicago × varia Martyn. (Apatity Town), Myosotis sylvatica Ehrh. ex Hoffm. (Kandalaksha Town, vicinity of Kovda Settlement, Rayakoski Settlement), Nepeta cataria L. (Apatity Town), Papaver croceum Ledeb. (vicinity of Kovda Settlement, Kandalaksha Town), Senecio subalpinus K. Koch (vicinity of Kirovsk Town), Verbascum nigrum L. (Kirovsk Town), Viola × wittrockiana Gams ex Nauenb. et Buttler (vicinity of Kovda Settlement). The information on the new locations and distribution of 32 rare alien species in the region is provided. According to our preliminary assessment, the alien flora of the region includes 502 species, which is quite a lot for such a northern territory. The high diversity is associated with different pathways and time of introduction due to various aspects of human activity. Over the last decades, the most active colonization by non-native species of Murmansk region is associated with modern household plots, urban gardening, plant introduction in the Polar-alpine botanical garden-institute, places of storage of solid household waste and the use of imported soils for siding road slopes. The most remarkable occurrences of non-native species are at the sites of the abandoned settlements of the Finns and Norwegians, as well as at the places of military operations during the Second World War.

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Alien plants, animals, fungi and algae in Norway: an inventory of neobiota

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Moving up and over: redistribution of plants in alpine, Arctic, and Antarctic ecosystems under global change

Moving up and over: redistribution of plants in alpine, Arctic, and Antarctic ecosystems under global change

Alien species in Norway: Results from quantitative ecological impact assessments

Addition to the non-native flora of Murmansk Region

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