Alienation, Conflict, and Conservation in the Protected Areas of Urban Metropolis: A Case Study of Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mumbai

Sen, Amrita; Pattanaik, Sarmistha

doi:10.1177/0038022920150306

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Therefore, wildlife and nature tourism can potentially benefit local communities economically by creating opportunities for jobs and businesses. For example, some of the local Adivasis of Sanjay Gandhi National Park are employed within the park as caretakers of the animals, security guards, cleaners, casual labor, and workers in the lion and tiger safari [12]. Similarly, local people associated with ecotourism in Kaziranga National Park of Assam not only became economically well-equipped and enjoys better living conditions, but they also feel more politically empowered [13].…”

Section: Wildlife Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gaertn.). After the launch of Project Tiger in 1973, several relocations including Bandipur, Kanha, Nagarhole, and Ranthambhore National Park were carried and funded by the government [26], and recently the Adivasis and slum dwellers have been isolated from the Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Mumbai [12]. Whenever such a relocation takes place, there are great chances of compromise of livelihoods and rights of the local communities and forest dwellers.…”

Section: Resource Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Management of National Parks and Protected Areas for Conserving Biodiversity in India

Kumar¹,

Yadav²,

Patil³

et al. 2020

Advances in Forest Management Under Global Change

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Habitat loss due to human activities and climate change is synergistically posing serious threats to the global biodiversity leading to irreversible extinction of several species. In wake of recent extinction, several forests are declared as protected areas where no more human activities are allowed. However, the scope of these protected areas got broadened from mere conservation to poverty alleviation and sustainable development during the past decades. Though these protected areas seem to be supportive of the biodiversity conservation, several challenges and gaps have emerged that need to be addressed for effective conservation and sustainable management in these protected areas. Therefore, the present chapter aims to address the roles, challenges, and approaches for conservation, and sustainable management in protected areas of India. Based on the published literature, we have found that protected areas proved to be a successful strategy for the conservation of wild animals and plants. However, management of poaching, man-wildlife conflicts, funding, extensive resource use, and tourism is still a challenge for some national parks of the country. Although governmental policies have addressed some of these challenges, only limited success has been achieved so far. Therefore, further studies need to assess the efficiency of protected areas for biodiversity conservation and devise the mechanisms for effective sustainable management of these protected areas.

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Section: Wildlife Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resource Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Management of National Parks and Protected Areas for Conserving Biodiversity in India

Kumar¹,

Yadav²,

Patil³

et al. 2020

Advances in Forest Management Under Global Change

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“…In modern times the exclusionary policies of conservation have increasingly acquired a sharp ecological edge, being played out against the backdrop of resource scarcities (Gadgil and Guha 1992;1994: 118). The politics of state control over conserving ecological resources is acted out through 'legitimate' violence over marginalized groups (Peluso 1993: 199;Sen and Pattanaik 2015). For instance, the dispossession of the indigenous communities like the Masai, Kamba and Orma of Kenya from their land and livelihood activities was prompted by the alliance between international conservation agencies and the Kenyan state, prioritizing wildlife protection (Peluso 1993: 202).…”

Section: The Relevance Of 'Indigenous' In the Politics Of Conservatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

How can traditional livelihoods find a place in contemporary conservation politics debates in India? Understanding community perspectives in Sundarban, West Bengal

Sen

Pattanaik

2017

Journal of Political Ecology

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We document the economic and socio-cultural vulnerability of a forest-dependent community inhabiting the forest fringe island of Satjelia in the Indian Sundarban. Using simple artisanal methods, they have practiced traditional livelihoods like fishing and collecting wild honey from the forests for more than a century. Despite having established cultural integrity and traditional occupations, this group is not indigenous, and are therefore treated as 'others' and 'settlers.' An ethnographic study describes these various forms of livelihoods and the ways that threatens local subsistence. We also document the bureaucratic and hierarchical structure of protected area (PA) management, showing it has little or no accommodation of this community's local traditional knowledge. Finally, we ask whether there is any scope for integrating 'non-indigenous' environmental knowledge, for a more egalitarian transformation of socio ecological relations within these communities. Keywords: Conservation, conflict, indigenous, political ecology, Sundarban, traditional livelihoods RésuméNous documentons la vulnérabilité économique et socioculturelle d'une communauté tributaire de la forêt qui habite l'île de la sylviculture de Satjeliadans le Sundarban indien. En utilisant des methods artisanales simples, ils ont pratiqué des moyens de subsistence traditionnels comme la pêche et la collecte de miels auvage des forêts, depuis plus d'un siècle. Bien qu'ils aient établi l'intégrité culturelle et les professions traditionnelles, ce groupe n'est pas indigène et sont donc traités comme «autres» et «colons». Une étude ethnographique décrit ces différentes formes de moyens de subsistence et les moyens qui menacent la subsistance locale. Nous documentons également la structure bureaucratique et hiérarchique de la gestion des aires protégées (AP), qui ne tient guère compte des connaissances traditionnelles locales de cette communauté. Enfin, nous demandons s'il y a lieu d'intégrer les connaissances environnementales «non autochtones», pour une transformation plus égalitaire des relations socio-écologiques au sein de cescommunautés. Mots-clés: Conservation, conflits, indigènes, écologie politique, Sundarban, moyens de subsistence traditionnels ResumenNosotros documentamos la vulnerabilidad económica y socio-cultural de una comunidad dependiente de un bosque que habita la isla límite de Satjelia en el Sundarban Indio. Con el uso de sencillos métodos artesanales, ellos practican desde hace más de un siglo, modos de subsistencia tradicionales tales como la pesca y la recolección de miel silvestre de los bosques. A pesar de haber establecido una integridad cultural y ocupaciones tradicionales, este grupo no es indígena y por lo tanto son considerados como "otros" y "colonos". Se trata de estudio etnográfico describe estos diversos modos de subsistencia y las maneras en que amenazan la subsistencia local. También documentamos la estructura burocrática y jerárquica del manejo de área protegida (PA), demostrando que tiene un poco o nada de reco...

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“…There are abundant literature discussing forest degradation in terms of huge encroachments (Dutta et al 2016;Osuri et al 2014), higher extraction of forest resources (Chatterjee et al 2015;Malik et al 2014), land use change (Meiyappan et al 2017) and human-wildlife conflicts (Graham, Beckerman and Thirgood 2005;Jayson and Christpher 2008;Madhusudan 2003;Rajpurohit and Krausman 2000) in the PAs of India. Some studies also highlighted about various institutional factors such as governance failure, administrative anomalies, weak property right system, inadequate household's participation and so on causing forest degradation in the PAs (Badola et al 2018;Dash and Behera 2015;Mishra 2018;Sen and Pattanaik 2015;Talukdar and Gupta 2017). For instance, Dash and Behera (2015) mentioned that despite several institutions involved in the protection of forest ecosystem in Similipal Tiger Reserve, the wildlife population and forest cover is depleting over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But they are not interested to establish a cordial relationship with the forest officials as forest officials always restricting households while collecting forest resources. Sen and Pattanaik (2015) also found dominant behaviour of forest officials by not permitting interested local households to participate in the forest management process in Sanjay Gandhi National Park. Thus, it was suggested that adequate cooperation from local-level institutions/better governance system is required to promote sustainable harvesting practices (Badola et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional Inefficiencies and Forest Degradation in Protected Areas of Odisha: Evidence from Lakhari Valley Wildlife Sanctuary

Mishra

2018

International Journal of Rural Management

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This article examines factors responsible for forest degradation in the protected areas (PAs) of Odisha by taking a case study of Lakhari Valley Wildlife Sanctuary (Lakhari WLS). The conservation status of the sanctuary and factors causing forest degradation are analysed on the basis of information collected from management plan of the sanctuary, maps generated from Google Earth, focus group discussions carried out with government officials and household-level surveys. It is found that the forest ecosystem in Lakhari WLS is degrading at an alarming rate which is mainly attributable to administrative inefficiencies, ill-defined property rights and low-level participation of households in the management process. These factors promoted unsustainable land use activities that cause deterioration in species richness, and severe food and water scarcity for the wild animals. It has serious livelihood implications, creating a conflicting relationship between the forest ecosystem and local households.

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Alienation, Conflict, and Conservation in the Protected Areas of Urban Metropolis: A Case Study of Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mumbai

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Sustainable Management of National Parks and Protected Areas for Conserving Biodiversity in India

Sustainable Management of National Parks and Protected Areas for Conserving Biodiversity in India

How can traditional livelihoods find a place in contemporary conservation politics debates in India? Understanding community perspectives in Sundarban, West Bengal

Institutional Inefficiencies and Forest Degradation in Protected Areas of Odisha: Evidence from Lakhari Valley Wildlife Sanctuary

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