Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays Bonded to Solid Graphite Substrates: Thermal Analysis for Future Device Cooling Applications

Quinton, Betty T.; Elston, Levi J.; Scofield, James D.; Mukhopadhyay, Sharmila M.

doi:10.3390/c4020028

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…One constant requirement of all filler materials is that their physical dimensions must be small enough so that a consistent mixture may be formed within the TIM. Filler materials used either in industry or research include silver, copper, Al 2 O 3 , AlN, boron nitride, ZnO, diamond, graphite, carbon nanotubes, few-layer graphene (FLG) and many others [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]. A selection of works into composites filled with these filler materials is summarized in table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal interface materials with graphene fillers: review of the state of the art and outlook for future applications

et al. 2021

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We review the current state-of-the-art graphene-enhanced thermal interface materials for the management of heat in the next generation of electronics. Increased integration densities, speed and power of electronic and optoelectronic devices require thermal interface materials with substantially higher thermal conductivity, improved reliability, and lower cost. Graphene has emerged as a promising filler material that can meet the demands of future high-speed and high-powered electronics. This review describes the use of graphene as a filler in curing and non-curing polymer matrices. Special attention is given to strategies for achieving the thermal percolation threshold with its corresponding characteristic increase in the overall thermal conductivity. Many applications require high thermal conductivity of composites, while simultaneously preserving electrical insulation. A hybrid filler approach, using graphene and boron nitride, is presented as a possible technology providing for the independent control of electrical and thermal conduction. The reliability and lifespan performance of thermal interface materials is an important consideration towards the determination of appropriate practical applications. The present review addresses these issues in detail, demonstrating the promise of graphene-enhanced thermal interface materials compared to alternative technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal interface materials with graphene fillers: review of the state of the art and outlook for future applications

et al. 2021

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“…For the CNT-coated scaffolds, the strands of nanotubes are vertically aligned near the substrate but start entangling at the top as the nanotubes grow longer (Figure 1B). From in-depth surface morphology experiments reported earlier [61], the mean inner diameter of individual nanotubes is about 9.9 (±0.76) nm, and the mean outer diameter is about 22.4 (±1.84) nm. It was also noted that after the first few minutes of initial nucleation and growth, the CNT layer covers most substrates uniformly.…”

Section: Surface Morphology Of the Cnt-coated Carbon Fiber Clothmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…A short time point of 20 min was selected to achieve uniform nucleation, even CNT growth, and a shorter CNT carpet length and 120 min was chosen for obtaining long CNT carpets. Based on previous analysis, the CNT lengths are approximately 13-16 µm and 190-230 µm for the 20 min and 120 min samples, respectively [61]. Detailed surface area analyses were previously performed using gas adsorption isotherms, and the specific surface areas were approximately 1.5 m 2 /g for the 20 min sample and about 11.5 m 2 /gm for the 120 min sample [60].…”

Section: Influence Of Surface Oxidation Treatment On Surface Chemical...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Hierarchical Carbon Structures as Potential Scaffolds for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration Applications

et al. 2023

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Engineered bio-scaffolds for wound healing provide an attractive treatment option for tissue engineering and traumatic skin injuries since they can reduce dependence on donors and promote faster repair through strategic surface engineering. Current scaffolds present limitations in handling, preparation, shelf life, and sterilization options. In this study, bio-inspired hierarchical all-carbon structures comprising carbon nanotube (CNT) carpets covalently bonded to flexible carbon fabric have been investigated as a platform for cell growth and future tissue regeneration applications. CNTs are known to provide guidance for cell growth, but loose CNTs are susceptible to intracellular uptake and are suspected to cause in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity. This risk is suppressed in these materials due to the covalent attachment of CNTs on a larger fabric, and the synergistic benefits of nanoscale and micro-macro scale architectures, as seen in natural biological materials, can be obtained. The structural durability, biocompatibility, tunable surface architecture, and ultra-high specific surface area of these materials make them attractive candidates for wound healing. In this study, investigations of cytotoxicity, skin cell proliferation, and cell migration were performed, and results indicate promise in both biocompatibility and directed cell growth. Moreover, these scaffolds provided cytoprotection against environmental stressors such as Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays. It was seen that cell growth could also be tailored through the control of CNT carpet height and surface wettability. These results support future promise in the design of hierarchical carbon scaffolds for strategic wound healing and tissue regeneration applications.

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“…CNT arrays are attached to the porous carbon foam or fabric using a two-step technique described in earlier papers [ 149 , 150 , 151 ]. The porous carbon substrate was first processed via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to create a silica buffer layer, which enabled nucleation and growth of CNT arrays through a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process.…”

Section: Supports For Pd Nanocatalysts Developed Specifically For Wat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Matrix-Supported Palladium Nanocatalysts for Water Treatment

2022

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Advanced catalysts are crucial for a wide range of chemical, pharmaceutical, energy, and environmental applications. They can reduce energy barriers and increase reaction rates for desirable transformations, making many critical large-scale processes feasible, eco-friendly, energy-efficient, and affordable. Advances in nanotechnology have ushered in a new era for heterogeneous catalysis. Nanoscale catalytic materials are known to surpass their conventional macro-sized counterparts in performance and precision, owing it to their ultra-high surface activities and unique size-dependent quantum properties. In water treatment, nanocatalysts can offer significant promise for novel and ecofriendly pollutant degradation technologies that can be tailored for customer-specific needs. In particular, nano-palladium catalysts have shown promise in degrading larger molecules, making them attractive for mitigating emerging contaminants. However, the applicability of nanomaterials, including nanocatalysts, in practical deployable and ecofriendly devices, is severely limited due to their easy proliferation into the service environment, which raises concerns of toxicity, material retrieval, reusability, and related cost and safety issues. To overcome this limitation, matrix-supported hybrid nanostructures, where nanocatalysts are integrated with other solids for stability and durability, can be employed. The interaction between the support and nanocatalysts becomes important in these materials and needs to be well investigated to better understand their physical, chemical, and catalytic behavior. This review paper presents an overview of recent studies on matrix-supported Pd-nanocatalysts and highlights some of the novel emerging concepts. The focus is on suitable approaches to integrate nanocatalysts in water treatment applications to mitigate emerging contaminants including halogenated molecules. The state-of-the-art supports for palladium nanocatalysts that can be deployed in water treatment systems are reviewed. In addition, research opportunities are emphasized to design robust, reusable, and ecofriendly nanocatalyst architecture.

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Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays Bonded to Solid Graphite Substrates: Thermal Analysis for Future Device Cooling Applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Thermal interface materials with graphene fillers: review of the state of the art and outlook for future applications

Thermal interface materials with graphene fillers: review of the state of the art and outlook for future applications

Bioinspired Hierarchical Carbon Structures as Potential Scaffolds for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration Applications

Advances in Matrix-Supported Palladium Nanocatalysts for Water Treatment

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