Aligned Carbon Nanotube Reinforcement of Aerospace Carbon Fiber Composites: Substructural Strength Evaluation for Aerostructure Applications

Villoria, Roberto Guzmán de; Ydrefors, Lisa; Hallander, Per; Ishiguro, Kyoko; Nordin, Pontus; Wardle, Brian L.

doi:10.2514/6.2012-1566

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…While previous research efforts have focused on the incorporation of CNTs in prepreg composites 7,8 and/or their ability to provide interlaminar shear strength improvments [9][10][11] , little work has been published on the effects these CNTs have on the interlaminar tension strength of laminated composites or the holistic effects the CNTs have on both the composites' through thickness and in-plane mechanical properties. Furthermore, little information is available regarding how varying parameters associated with the CNT-reinforced composite (concentration, CNT functionalization, and material type) effect these properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Variation in Interlaminar Tension and Shear Strengths due to Carbon Nanotube Reinforcement in VARTM Manufactured, Polymer-Matrix, Laminated Composites

Martins

Kosmatka

2014

55th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference

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Laminated composite materials are commonly used in the aerospace, defense, automotive and sports industries largely due to their high in-plane specific stiffness and strength characteristics. However, their out-of-plane properties are at least two orders of magnitude lower than their in-plane counterparts. In an attempt to increase these out-of-plane properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced into the interlaminar regions as a means of reinforcement. Past literature has focused mainly on the use of CNTs as in interlaminar shear reinforcement whereas the research presented in this paper examines the effects of CNT reinforcement in both interlaminar tension and interlaminar shear loading, as well as the effects these CNTs have on the in-plane material properties. All parts were fabricated using the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique. VARTM methods were used to show the applicability of the CNT reinforcement to a wide variety of low-cost, out-of-autoclave applications. Two techniques were developed for dispersing the nanotubes within the interlaminar and intralaminar regions of the composites; metered spray deposition technique, to be used for parts which require a high degree of uniformity in the dispersion of the CNTs over a large area and, CNT doped epoxy infusion in which CNTs are sonicated into the epoxy prior infusion. The doped epoxy infusion method has shown a filtering of the CNTs within the fibers, leading to a gradient in the material properties. Exploiting this filtering phenomenon may allow for targeted, local CNT reinforcement in critical areas of the structure only, leading to more cost effective implementation of CNT reinforcement. The CNT reinforcement of the composites' matrix was found to increase interlaminar tension and shear strength as much as 17% while maintaining, and in some cases enhancing, the in-plane material properties. Nomenclature CNTs= carbon nanotubes VARTM = vacuum assisted resin transfer molding SWNT = single-wall nanotubes MWNT = multi-wall nanotubes MSDT = metered spray deposition technique %wt = percentage of carbon nanotubes to composite fiber, by weight ILTS = nominal interlaminar tension strength ILTS max = maximum nominal interlaminar tension strength P max = maximum load w e = semi-elliptical section's cross section width, measured at ellipse's vertex t e = semi-elliptical section's cross section thickness, measured at ellipse's vertex ILSS = interlaminar shear strength ILSS max = maximum interlaminar shear strength w b = short beam shear specimen's cross section width t b = short beam shear specimen's cross section thickness 2 B y = percent bending in in-plane test coupon about its transverse neutral axis ε f = measured longitudinal strain on the front face of an in-plane test coupon ε b = measured longitudinal strain on the back face of an in-plane test coupon με = microstrain E = in-plane tensile (Young's) modulus v = in-plane Poisson's ratio  12 = in-plane shear stress  12 = in-plane shear strain ε l = average measured longitudinal str...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Variation in Interlaminar Tension and Shear Strengths due to Carbon Nanotube Reinforcement in VARTM Manufactured, Polymer-Matrix, Laminated Composites

Martins

Kosmatka

2014

55th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference

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show abstract

“…Due to their small size they can be seamlessly integrated while maintaining or enhancing structural properties, or surface finish. Previous studies report significant improvements of mechanical properties 8,9 using vertically-aligned CNT arrays with effectively no increase in weight or volume. Aligned-CNT based "nanostitching" of interlaminar regions…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrothermal Icing protection of Aerosurfaces Using Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites

Buschhorn

Kessler

Lachman

et al. 2013

54th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference

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Ice protection systems (IPS) are critical components for many aerospace flight vehicles, including commercial transports and unmanned aerial systems (UAS), and can include antiicing, de-icing, ice sensing, etc.. Here, an IPS is created using nanomaterials to create a surface-modified external layer on an aerosurface based on observations that polymer nanocomposites have tailorable and attractive heating properties. The IPS uses Joule heating of aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays to create highly efficient de-icing and anti-icing of aerosurfaces. An ice wind tunnel test of a CNT enhanced aerosurface is performed to demonstrate the system under a range of operating regimes (temperature, wind speed, water content in air) including operation down to -20.6°C (-5°F) at 55.9 m/s (125 mph) under heavy icing. Manufacturing, design considerations, and further improvements to the materials and systems are discussed.

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Carbon Nanotubes Particles: Processing, Mechanical Properties and Application

Maâti,

Amadine,

Sair

et al. 2023

Smart Nanomaterials Technology

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Aligned Carbon Nanotube Reinforcement of Aerospace Carbon Fiber Composites: Substructural Strength Evaluation for Aerostructure Applications

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Variation in Interlaminar Tension and Shear Strengths due to Carbon Nanotube Reinforcement in VARTM Manufactured, Polymer-Matrix, Laminated Composites

Variation in Interlaminar Tension and Shear Strengths due to Carbon Nanotube Reinforcement in VARTM Manufactured, Polymer-Matrix, Laminated Composites

Electrothermal Icing protection of Aerosurfaces Using Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites

Carbon Nanotubes Particles: Processing, Mechanical Properties and Application

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