“…For example, large solar simulators developed by the US, ESA, Russia, and other countries or organizations for spacecraft thermal balance experiments all use off-axis optical systems. 2 , 10 Although this makes the irradiation surface diameter can reach 3000–6000 mm, the increase in the difficulty of assembly and the increase of structural complexity 11 lead to the irradiation uniformity of only 4–15%. The solar simulator developed by Liu et al.…”