Alizarin red S/copper ion-based ensemble for fluorescence turn on detection of glutathione with tunable dynamic range

Silver Soret Nanoparticles for Femtomolar Sensing of Glutathione in a Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission Platform

“…This resulted in the detection of GSH at a femotomolar concentration with SCs. The requirement for monitoring GSH, as discussed in earlier reports − has prompted intense research in the recent past. It is essential to discuss the pertinence and importance of sensing this naturally occurring tripeptide thiol antioxidant molecule, GSH, composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine.…”

“…Widely distributed in prokaryotes, fungi, plants, and mammals, GSH plays important physiological and pathological roles . Apart from conserving and regulating cellular redox homeostasis in eukaryotes, it serves in maintaining proteins, enzymes, and vitamins in their reduced active state and acts as a signaling molecule to activate gene expression, cell protection by detoxification of potentially dangerous endogenous and exogenous compounds, radioprotection, transportation, and elimination of metal ions, to name a few. − Abnormal levels of GSH have been reported to show deleterious health effects such as severe damage to the liver, heart, and brain with accompanied diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, cancer, epilepsy, AIDS, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel, sepsis, and cardiovascular diseases. − Additionally, apart from being studied as a biomarker for oxidative stress, recently there is growing interest toward investigation of the GSH levels in food and beverages, and this is being implemented in production guides . Interference of other analytes present in biological samples such as blood, plasma, urine, and serum stands as a hindrance in the quantification of GSH.…”

“…Interference of other analytes present in biological samples such as blood, plasma, urine, and serum stands as a hindrance in the quantification of GSH. In this regard, the proposed ensemble methodology presents a sensitive and selective detection platform. Several methods and techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy, electrochemistry, voltammetry, enzymatic studies, and fluorescence turn-on–off strategies, ,,, coupled with separation techniques high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, have been developed to detect GSH. , However, these sophisticated techniques require trained operators and advanced infrastructure facilities, making them less amenable for resource-limited settings.…”

“…In this regard, the proposed ensemble methodology presents a sensitive and selective detection platform. Several methods and techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy, electrochemistry, voltammetry, enzymatic studies, and fluorescence turn-on–off strategies, ,,, coupled with separation techniques high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, have been developed to detect GSH. , However, these sophisticated techniques require trained operators and advanced infrastructure facilities, making them less amenable for resource-limited settings. In this context, a SPCE platform that is user-friendly, low-cost, and robust enables near-real-time, on-site monitoring of GSH.…”

Nanoparticles as Emerging Labels in Electrochemical Immunosensors

“…This strategy has been combined with the use of aptamers for the detection of PSA biomarker at fg/mL levels [62]. The strong interaction between glutathione (GSH) and copper ions [63] has also been approached for the detection of GSH after formation of DNA-templated CuNPs and later voltammetric detection, as described above [64]. This analytical signal readout has also been used in the development of a method for quantifying endonuclease activity [65].…”