Alkali-activated slag cement and concrete: a review of properties and problems

Wang, Shaodong; Xincheng, Pu; Scrivener, Karen; Pratt, P. L.

doi:10.1680/adcr.1995.7.27.93

Cited by 417 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…2 Although, there is no consensus view on the setting mechanism of AA mortars, the absence of tricalcium silicate (3CaO·SiO 2 ) and tricalcium aluminate (3CaO·Al 2 O 3 ) in source material would cause quick setting of mortar 1 . In addition, higher fineness of source material is more reactive and requires more water for hydration, resulting in quicker setting of mortar 2 .…”

Section: Initial Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decreasing rate was more prominent in AA mortars with Na 2 O/SM ratio of 0.089 than 0.038. Although, there is no consensus view on the role of Na + cation in the hydration process of GGBS-based paste activated by sodium silicate or sodium hydroxide, it is generally agreed 1,6 that Na + ion plays a catalytic role involving interchange with Ca 2+ cations. As a result, the negatively charged surface of C-S-H gel would tightly sorb some Na + cations and Na-substituted C-S-H gel can be presented 1 .…”

Section: Initial Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been generally recognized [1][2][3][4][5] that fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)-based alkali-activated (AA) binders are practically useful construction materials owing to their sound environmental performance such as recycling of by-product materials, low carbon dioxide emissions and low energy consumption. In addition, AA concrete has been known to have many beneficial properties compared with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete such as rapid high strength development, good durability and high resistance to chemical attack 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, AA concrete has been known to have many beneficial properties compared with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete such as rapid high strength development, good durability and high resistance to chemical attack 1 . As a result, the application of AA mortar or concrete has gradually grown to a large proportion in the construction industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is difficult to control the strength development of AA mortars owing to the inconsistent interaction of numerous influencing factors as pointed out by Wang et al 1 . The current investigation presents test results of GGBS and FA based AA mortars of different mixing ratios of sodium oxide (Na 2 O) of the activators to source materials by weight, water to binder, and fine aggregate to binder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow and Compressive Strength of Alkali-Activated Mortars

2009

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Test results of thirty six ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)-based mortars and eighteen fly ash (FA)-based mortars activated by sodium silicate and/or sodium hydroxide powders are presented. The main variables investigated were the mixing ratio of sodium oxide (Na 2 O) of the activators to source materials, water-to-binder ratio, and fine aggregate-to-binder ratio. Test results showed that GGBS based alkali-activated (AA) mortars exhibited much higher compressive strength but slightly less flow than FA based AA mortars for the same mixing condition.Feed-forward neural networks and simplified equations developed from nonlinear multiple regression analysis were proposed to evaluate the initial flow and 28-day compressive strength of AA mortars. The training and testing of neural networks, and calibration of the simplified equations were achieved using a comprehensive database of 82 test results of mortars activated by sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide powders. Compressive strength development of GGBS-based alkaliactivated mortars was also estimated using the formula specified in ACI 209 calibrated against the collected database. Predictions obtained from the trained neural network or developed simplified equations were in good agreement with test results, though early strength of GGBS-based alkaliactivated mortars was slightly overestimated by the proposed simplified equations.

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Section: Initial Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Initial Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow and Compressive Strength of Alkali-Activated Mortars

2009

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Behavior of combined fly ash/slag‐based geopolymers when exposed to high temperatures

2009

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SUMMARYThe high temperature performance up to 800 • C of combined fly ash (FA) and slag geopolymers at the ratio of 100, 65/35, 50/50, 35/65 and 100% (wt-%) is presented in this paper. Geopolymers are alternative novel binders to conventional Portland cement and are generally believed to provide superior fire resistant properties due to their ceramic-like characteristics. This paper presents new data on the behavior of geopolymers made with combined FA/slag mentioned previously, which were mixed with alkaline materials with molecular silicate modulus (Ms = SiO 2 /Na 2 O) of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 with sodium (Na) dosages of 4 and 8 (wt-%). Altogether 60 mixes were made yielding compressive strengths between 3 and 83 MPa. Behavior of the material to high temperatures was investigated by exposing the specimens to 800 • C and testing for compressive strengths. It was found that as the initial strength increases, the residual strength exponentially decreased. The compressive stress versus strain relationships showed that the ductility of the specimens decreased as the initial strength increased. The ability of the materials with high ductility (i.e. less brittleness) to accommodate thermal incompatibilities arising from uneven temperatures arising during heating is concluded to be the major factor contributing to the reduced strength losses. Geopolymer has recently emerged as a novel engineering binder material with the potential to form an element of an environmentally sustainable construction product [1,2]. Geopolymers are often compared with the conventional Portland cement since the applications of geopolymers are targeted to replace the conventional Portland cement. Geopolymer is a term used to describe inorganic polymers based on alumino-silicates [3] and can be produced by synthesizing pozzolanic * Correspondence to: Maurice Guerrieri, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia. 164M. GUERRIERI AND J. G. SANJAYAN compounds or alumino-silicate source materials with highly alkaline solutions [4]. Owing to their ceramic-like properties, geopolymers are believed to possess good fire resistance [5,6]. Geopolymers are also referred in the literature as alkali-activated fly ash (FA) or inorganic polymers [7]. The production of geopolymers has been shown to release 80 to 90% less green house gas emissions than the conventional Portland cement [2]. Each ton of conventional Portland cement production is responsible for the release of 0.7 to 1.0 tons of CO 2 into the atmosphere [8].Ground-granulated blast furnace slag (Slag) and FA, byproducts of iron manufacturing and coal burning electrical power plant industries, respectively, have been used widely either integrated or pre-blended with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to produce blended cement binders. Slag and FA-blended cements are characterized by their low heat of hydration and high chemical durability and can enhance the physical and mechanical properties of concretes and even provide higher early strength than OPC concretes [9,1...

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Influence of metakaolin on strength and durability characteristics of ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete

Kumar¹,

Dr.B.PRASAD²,

Dey

2019

Structural Concrete

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This paper highlights the strength and durability characteristics of geopolymer concrete (GPC) developed with ground‐granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and metakaolin (MK) as binders. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) were used as alkaline activators of GPC. The variable parameters considered in this research work were proportions of GGBS and MK. The optimum mix was obtained by varying the proportions in the binder content of GPC. The influence of recycled coarse aggregates (RCAs) was also assessed on the arrived optimum GPC mix and compared with natural coarse aggregates. The replacement of RCA was done at 25, 50, and 100%. The durability studies were performed on the arrived optimum mix for natural and RCA concrete. The durability properties of GPC were studied by exposing the concrete specimens to HCl and H2SO4 at 5% concentration for 7, 28, and 56 days. Acid mass loss factor and acid strength loss factor were determined at all ages. From the results, it is observed that the usage of supplementary cementitious material as a partial replacement of GGBS in GPC is improving the strength as well as durability properties of blended GPC. The comparisons of these parameters were examined for the usage of RCA proportions also. The results indicated that the inclusion of RCA up to certain proportions is showing satisfactory results compared to that of GPC with natural aggregates.

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Alkali-activated slag cement and concrete: a review of properties and problems

Cited by 417 publications

References 0 publications

Flow and Compressive Strength of Alkali-Activated Mortars

Flow and Compressive Strength of Alkali-Activated Mortars

Behavior of combined fly ash/slag‐based geopolymers when exposed to high temperatures

Influence of metakaolin on strength and durability characteristics of ground granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer concrete

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