Alkaline-based curcumin extraction from selected zingiberaceae for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extract, characterise and quantify curcumin from selected Zingiberaceae of “kunyit” or turmeric (Curcuma longa), “temu lawak” or Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), “temu pauh” (Curcuma mangga), “lempoyang” (Zingiber zerumbet) and “bonglai” (Zingiber cassumunar) using alkaline and chemical-based extraction method for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Design/methodology/approach Through the alkaline-based extraction method, all parts of rhizome samples were freeze-dried for 72 h before grounded into a fine powder and kept at −20°C. The powdered sample (0.1 g) was weighed and placed in a 50 mL tube. About 20 mL of 2 M NaOH solution was added into the tube. The solution was allowed to stand for 30 min. Then, 20 mL of ethyl acetate was added into the tube. The solution was mixed well then centrifuged at 13,500 rpm for 3 min. The upper layer was collected using a pipette. The process was repeated until the upper layer became almost colourless. The collected ethyl acetate solution was concentrated using a rotary evaporator to remove the ethyl acetate from the extracted compound. The concentrated curcumin was placed in a universal bottle, which was then dried from the remaining ethyl acetate using nitrogen drying process. The dried curcumin was then stored inside the freezer at −20ºC. The antimicrobial activities were using agar diffusion method against bacterial and fungi, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. Findings All the samples successfully showed a single peak (curcumin) that gained from the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatogram analysis (at 425 nm) using the alkaline-based extraction method and the highest curcumin content was in turmeric (12.95 ± 1.07mg/g DW). At 10.0 mg/mL curcumin concentration, the best antibacterial activity was against on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with 7.50 ± 0.71 mm inhibition zone, while the best antifungal activity was against on Aspergillus niger with 8.00 ± 0.41 mm inhibition zone. The DPPH antioxidant test resulted in the highest inhibition (110.41 per cent) was at 0.25 mg/mL curcumin concentration. Originality/value Through HPLC analysis, all samples successfully showed a single peak of curcumin at 425 nm. The total carotenoid determination from turmeric revealed that the samples content was substantially higher using alkaline-based extraction (18.40 ± 0.07 mg/g DW) compared to chemical-based extraction (9.42 ± 0.20 mg/g ± SD).

Characterization of Turmeric and Curry Samples by Liquid Chromatography with Spectroscopic Detection Based on Polyphenolic and Curcuminoid Contents

“…Apart from its characteristic complex flavor, it is also appreciated as a colorant providing a yellow hue to the dishes [2]. Besides, turmeric is rich in active components with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities so it has been used in traditional Asian medicine as well [3][4][5][6]. Among other components, phenolic compounds, curcumin and related species have been found to be responsible for those beneficial properties.…”

Turmeric as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for electron beam-curable steel coating in 3.5% sodium chloride solution

“…Turmeric’s effects on health in general are centered on an orange-yellow lipophilic polyphenol called “curcumin,” which is obtained from the roots of the herbs (Ibáñez and Blázquez, 2021; Hosseini and Hosseinzadeh, 2018). Recently, curcumin has been known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer effects, wound healing property and gastroprotective activities (Othman et al , 2019; Hosseinzadeh et al , 2017; Jia et al , 2021). One environmentally friendly inhibitor that is rarely investigated is turmeric extract which can be used as a preferred alternative to inhibitors of organic chemicals such as azole derivatives and others.…”

Evaluation of corrosion behaviour of turmeric-coated AZ51 alloy in simulated body fluid for biomedical applications

“…These materials are also associated with another associated surgery for taking out the implant and increasing the overall cost of the medical operation for the patient. To avoid this kind of situation, magnesium and its alloys come into the picture, which is known for their excellent biocompatibility and are also a bioresorbable material, thereby eliminating the need for a second surgery, and is also an attractive biomaterial owing to its light weight, low stress-shielding effect because of similar modulus of magnesium alloys (∼45 GPa) with that of human bone (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), the similarity of density to that of cortical bone, while also being an essential mineral for metabolism in humans [1,2]. However, it has to be kept in mind that magnesium is corrosive even in physiological pH (7.4-7.6).…”

“…It is, thus, used in coating food items to improve their antimicrobial efficacy and inhibit bacterial contamination due to the presence of an inherent orange-yellow lipophilic polyphenol compound named 'curcumin'. Recent studies on curcumin showed that in addition to anti-microbial properties, it also has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and wound healing properties [20][21][22][23]. Turmeric is also used in preparing foods because of its powerful anti-inflammatory properties, thus making it a suitable candidate for biomedical applications [24,25].…”