Alkaline Hydrolysate of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as Potential Substrate for Biovanillin Production via Two-Step Bioconversion

Zulkarnain, Aisyah; Bahrin, Ezyana Kamal; Ramli, Norhayati; Phang, Lai Yee; Abd‐Aziz, Suraini

doi:10.1007/s12649-016-9745-4

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Bioconversion is the transformation of potential precursors (FA, vanillic acid, and eugenol) catalysed by fungi or enzymes [31]. It is found in common agricultural waste leftovers such as cereal bran and sugar beet pulp and was therefore selected as the raw material for fungi to turn into vanillin.…”

Section: Precursor In Vanillin Production: Ferulic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Vanillin from Pineapple Peels Using Alkaline Hydrolysis and Microbial Fermentation

Zainurin Zubaidah,

Latiffah Karim

2024

MJoSHT

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Vanillin is one of the most commonly utilized aromatic flavoring chemicals in the food and cosmetics industries. It is derived from natural sources, making it more expensive than synthetic vanillin, and it constitutes less than one percent of the annual market demand. Pineapple peel stands out as a valuable source for extracting ferulic acid, which in turn is utilized in the synthesis of vanillin. As a result, researchers are exploring alternative methods for producing vanillin, such as biotechnological production from ferulic acid. In this study, the capability of pineapple peels as a substrate for the microbial fermentation of ferulic acid by Aspergillus niger to produce vanillin in a single step was investigated. The biotransformation of ferulic acid from pineapple peel by alkaline hydrolysis was optimized using different concentrations of NaOH. Further, the detection and quantification of vanillin and ferulic acid were carried out using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. Through HPLC analysis, the amount of vanillin concentration produced from the supernatant culture was 1.47±0.24 µg/ml from 1.0 M NaOH concentration and 2.83±0.44 µg/ml from 2.0 M NaOH concentration. From this study, 57.09±1.84 µg/ml and 83.84±4.01 µg/ml of ferulic acid were produced from the 1.0 M NaOH and 2.0M NaOH, respectively. In addition, using the TBA technique, vanillin concentrations were calculated, resulting in 12.92 ± 0.54 µg/ml and 15.38 ± 0.77 µg/ml from 1.0 M and 2.0 M NaOH concentrations, respectively. Briefly, the pineapple peel has been discovered as a good source for vanillin production using Aspergillus niger in the fermentation method.

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Section: Precursor In Vanillin Production: Ferulic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Vanillin from Pineapple Peels Using Alkaline Hydrolysis and Microbial Fermentation

Zainurin Zubaidah,

Latiffah Karim

2024

MJoSHT

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“…The characteristics of OPEFB is that it act as a renewable energy sources and environmentally friendly. OPEFB may be converted to useful compounds, some of them are: Micro fibrillated cellulose [14], bio vanillin [15], Sugar [16], Ethanol [4], p-hydroxybenzoate [17], Lignin-containing cellulosic Nano fibril [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB): Existing Utilization and Current Trends Bio Refinery in Indonesia

Rame¹

2018

E3S Web Conf.

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In a future carbon-constrained global economy, the use of fossil fuels will be restricted. Biomass resources will be increased demand for renewable products. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) can be used as lignocellulose feedstock. The production of biofuels from lignocellulose feedstock can be achieved through biochemical or thermo-chemical routes. OPEFB contain chemical blocks of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignocellulose. Due to these substances, OPEFB can be converted into bio-products and chemical. Special attention to biorefinery approach that is present at relatively high potential in bio-products such as polymers, nutraceuticals, chemical building blocks, biofuels, and bioenergy. Different utilization types were considered and reviewed, and the most common and efficient process were discussed. In general, there is no single product which could be considered a solution to the utilization of managing OPEFB -in this review a number of product are more economic, effective and environmentally friendly.

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“… 7 Coumaric acids and their derivatives constitute monomeric units of lignin in plant cell walls 8 and are a major waste product of palm oil manufacturing. 9 , 10 In nature, their degradation is achieved by ferulic and phenolic acid decarboxylases (FDCs and PADs, respectively). These enzymes cleave their substrates into CO 2 and their respective 4-hydroxystyrenes [ 1 ( Scheme 1 a)], which constitute undesired off-flavor components in beer and wine 11 but have also found application as renewable building blocks for polymers with interesting dielectric properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of an enzyme to catalyze a reaction other than its annotated “natural” activity is known as catalytic promiscuity − and is the result of evolutionary processes upon the encounter of “non-natural” substrates and the organism’s striving for survival. − This phenomenon is an important criterion when selecting enzymes for the development of biocatalysts for the selective transformation of synthetic compounds, using rationally guided or randomly based directed evolution protocols . Coumaric acids and their derivatives constitute monomeric units of lignin in plant cell walls and are a major waste product of palm oil manufacturing. , In nature, their degradation is achieved by ferulic and phenolic acid decarboxylases (FDCs and PADs, respectively). These enzymes cleave their substrates into CO 2 and their respective 4-hydroxystyrenes [ 1 (Scheme a)], which constitute undesired off-flavor components in beer and wine but have also found application as renewable building blocks for polymers with interesting dielectric properties. − By supplying an excess of CO 2 in the form of bicarbonate, researchers can perform the process as the reverse β-carboxylation for the production of substituted coumaric acid derivatives (Scheme a). − During studies of regioselective carboxylation, the promiscuous hydration of 4-hydroxystyrene derivatives by FDCs and PADs in the presence of bicarbonate was discovered (Scheme b), and the best results were obtained with a ferulic acid decarboxylase from Enterobacter sp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rational Active-Site Redesign Converts a Decarboxylase into a C═C Hydratase: “Tethered Acetate” Supports Enantioselective Hydration of 4-Hydroxystyrenes

et al. 2018

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The promiscuous regio- and stereoselective hydration of 4-hydroxystyrenes catalyzed by ferulic acid decarboxylase from Enterobacter sp. (FDC_Es) depends on bicarbonate bound in the active site, which serves as a proton relay activating a water molecule for nucleophilic attack on a quinone methide electrophile. This “cofactor” is crucial for achieving improved conversions and high stereoselectivities for (S)-configured benzylic alcohol products. Similar effects were observed with simple aliphatic carboxylic acids as additives. A rational redesign of the active site by replacing the bicarbonate or acetate “cofactor” with a newly introduced side-chain carboxylate from an adjacent amino acid yielded mutants that efficiently acted as C=C hydratases. A single-point mutation of valine 46 to glutamate or aspartate improved the hydration activity by 40% and boosted the stereoselectivity 39-fold in the absence of bicarbonate or acetate.

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Alkaline Hydrolysate of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as Potential Substrate for Biovanillin Production via Two-Step Bioconversion

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

Production of Vanillin from Pineapple Peels Using Alkaline Hydrolysis and Microbial Fermentation

Production of Vanillin from Pineapple Peels Using Alkaline Hydrolysis and Microbial Fermentation

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB): Existing Utilization and Current Trends Bio Refinery in Indonesia

A Rational Active-Site Redesign Converts a Decarboxylase into a C═C Hydratase: “Tethered Acetate” Supports Enantioselective Hydration of 4-Hydroxystyrenes

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