Alkaline Hydrolysis of TNT in Micellar System

Solyman, Sanaa M.; Shaban, Seham A.; Morsy, S.M.; Elnaggar, Ashraf Y.; Badawi, A. M.; Ahmed, Sahar M.

doi:10.1080/01932691.2010.480867

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) has seen widespread historical use in the military and many different industries owing to its stable physical and chemical properties, superior detonation performance, and stability during storage (Thomas et al, 2004;Solyman et al,2011). However, the production and dissemination of TNT has resulted in persistent soil pollution.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Fulvic Acid on TNT Adsorption in Soil

Hao

Huang

Cong-zhi

et al. 2018

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal

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In order to study the effect of fulvic acids (FA) on the migration of TNT in soil, batch experiments in which 2%, 5% and 10% (w/w) of FA were added to soils were conducted.Adsorption kinetics and adsorption-desorption isotherms of TNT in soils were investigated, with results of the kinetics tests showing that the adsorption process could be divided into a fast and a slow stage and that FA could extend the adsorption time. Kinetic datas were fit to pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models. The fitting results showed that a pseudo second-order kinetic model best described the adsorption process, while Elovich and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models could accurately predict the adsorption at higher FA content. The adsorption-desorption isotherms were predicted using Linear, Freundlich, and Langmuir isotherm models. Results showed that the Freundlich model best described the adsorption-desorption process, and that FA increased adsorption capacity and enhanced the adsorption affinity. The hysteresis index suggested that FA could reduce the desorption of TNT in soil.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Fulvic Acid on TNT Adsorption in Soil

Hao

Huang

Cong-zhi

et al. 2018

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal

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“…So, several methods have been used for decontamination of T.N.T. from wastewater and contaminated soil such as biotreatment 17 , alkaline hydrolysis, chemical reduction, catalytic degradation, photocatalytic degradation, flocculation, and adsorption [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] . High surface area and low-cost adsorbents are often favored to eliminate harmful materials 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of T.N.T. from Wastewater Using Ni-Oxide and Cu-Oxide Nanoparticles

Altallhi¹,

Moray²,

Shaban³

et al. 2021

Mediterr.J.Chem.,

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Nanocrystalline nickel oxide (NiO) and copper oxide (CuO) have been synthesized in a water-in-oil microemulsion. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Electron Spin Resonance (E.S.R.), transmission electron microscopy (T.E.M.), and Specific Surface Area (S.S.A.). The particle size of nickel oxide and copper oxide can be controlled from 10.0 to 21.5 and 12.5 to 25.0 nm, respectively, at a different time of calcination temperature with a fixed proportion of water, surfactant, and oil in the microemulsion. Also, the results showed that the specific surface area (89.96 m2 g-1) and pore diameter (8.11 nm) of the prepared nano NiO are higher than the specific surface area (71.96 m2 g-1) and pore diameter (3.71 nm) of the prepared nano CuO. An adsorption test was carried out to show the efficiency of these prepared NiO and CuO nanoparticles for the Adsorption of T.N.T. in an aqueous solution. The removal efficiencies of both nano NiO and CuO were achieved at 90.06% and 77.0%, respectively.Additionally, NiO and CuO nanoparticles were regenerated for five cycles. The Kinetic models of Pseudo first-order and pseudo-second-order were described. The results demonstrated that T.N.T. adsorption on both nano adsorbents follows the pseudo-second-order model.

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“…23,24 Direct incineration of soil contaminated with high levels of TNT is expensive and presents an explosion risk. 3 Among existing approaches, surfactant/base treatment has shown high efficacy for TNT treatment, 25 and we pick up on this in detail below by showing how TAML/peroxide can advance the approach and make it also applicable to TNB. While TNB is much less studied than TNT, it is the bigger challenge because it is significantly more resistant to oxidation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this contribution, we show (1) how the known surfactant/ base degradation of TNT 25 can be sped up for cationic surfactant CTAB (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide)/hydroxide by addition of hydrogen peroxide, (2) how the addition of TAML activator (1, Figure 1) produces a deeper-reaching oxidation toward mineralization for TNT, and (3) how TNB, which is known to form a Meisenheimer complex with surfactant/base, does not undergo further oxidation in CTAB/hydroxide until both TAML activator and tertbutylhydroperoxide (TBHP) are added to unleash a rapid, deep oxidation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CTAB micellar solutions in the presence of base (3, Figure 2) and base/H 2 O 2 (4, Figure 2) show fast disappearance of TNT (>99%) as described by S. M. Ahmed et al (surfactant/ base). 25 The electron-withdrawing NO 2 groups render trinitroaromatics susceptible to addition reactions with nucleophiles and bases. 47 Base (OH − ) is known to induce a variety of processes with TNT including (i) the nucleophilic substitution of nitro and methyl groups by hydroxide forming phenols, (ii) the nucleophilic addition of hydroxide to the C 3 and C 5 carbons, and (iii) the deprotonation of the methyl group (pK a = 10.5 48 in DMSO) giving the trinitrobenzylic carbanion and the system has been deployed for remediating soil and groundwater.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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TAML Activator/Peroxide-Catalyzed Facile Oxidative Degradation of the Persistent Explosives Trinitrotoluene and Trinitrobenzene in Micellar Solutions

Kundu

Chanda

Khetan

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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TAML activators are well-known for their ability to activate hydrogen peroxide to oxidize persistent pollutants in water. The trinitroaromatic explosives, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), are often encountered together as persistent, toxic pollutants. Here we show that an aggressive TAML activator with peroxides boosts the effectiveness of the known surfactant/base promoted breakdown of TNT and transforms the surfactant induced nondestructive binding of base to TNB into an extensive multistep degradation process. Treatment of basic cationic surfactant solutions of either TNT or TNB with TAML/peroxide (hydrogen peroxide and tert-butylhydroperoxide, TBHP) gave complete pollutant removal for both in <1 h with >75% of the nitrogen and ≥20% of the carbon converted to nitrite/nitrate and formate, respectively. For TNT, the TAML advantage is to advance the process toward mineralization. Basic surfactant solutions of TNB gave the colored solutions typical of known Meisenheimer complexes which did not progress to degradation products over many hours. However with added TAML activator, the color was bleached quickly and the TNB starting compound was degraded extensively toward minerals within an hour. A slower surfactant-free TAML activator/peroxide process also degrades TNT/TNB effectively. Thus, TAML/peroxide amplification effectively advances TNT and TNB water treatment giving reason to explore the environmental applicability of the approach.

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Alkaline Hydrolysis of TNT in Micellar System

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Fulvic Acid on TNT Adsorption in Soil

Effects of Fulvic Acid on TNT Adsorption in Soil

Adsorption of T.N.T. from Wastewater Using Ni-Oxide and Cu-Oxide Nanoparticles

TAML Activator/Peroxide-Catalyzed Facile Oxidative Degradation of the Persistent Explosives Trinitrotoluene and Trinitrobenzene in Micellar Solutions

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