Alkaline Phytase Activity in Nonionic Detergent Extracts of Legume Seeds

Scott, Jonathan J.

doi:10.1104/pp.95.4.1298

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Phytate is the main storage form of phosphorus in seeds, and can be used as energy reserve, besides being a major precursor of polysaccharides constituting cell walls (Scott, 1991). The initial phytate content of seeds from desiccated plants of cultivars NA 5909 RG and Benso1RR were similar when compared with seeds from non-desiccated plants, ranging from 1.27 to 1.97 mg.g -1 of seeds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Mobilization of reserves and vigor of soybean seeds under desiccation with glufosinate ammonium

2015

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-The physiological quality of seeds depends on the cellular organization and their capacity to mobilize reserves. The goal of this study was to assess the germination and vigor of soybeans seeds of Benso1RR and NA 5909 RG cultivars from desiccated plants or not, by mobilizing reserves. Cultivars from desiccated plants or not, by mobilizing reserves. The plants were desiccated with glufosinate ammonium (GLA) in reproductive stage R7.1 or not (TST). The physiological seed quality was assessed by germination tests, accelerated aging and seedling length. For the mobilization of reserves were assessed within 48 hours of soaking: phytate, protein and soluble sugar contents. In 48 hours of soaking, seeds from desiccated plants in cultivar NA 5909 RG showed lower mobilization of soluble protein and soluble sugar, reflecting low vigor seedlings compared to their controls. For cultivar Benso1RR, in 48 hours of soaking, the application of GLA did not affect the mobilization of soluble protein when compared to control and did not differ as to vigor. It is concluded that the use of the desiccant has negatively influenced the mobilization of soluble protein and soluble sugar for cultivar NA 5909 RG, reflecting a low percentage of germination and low vigor.Index terms: vigor, herbicide, protein, soluble sugar.Mobilização de reservas e vigor de sementes de soja sob dessecação com glufosinato de amônio RESUMO -A qualidade fisiológica em sementes depende da organização celular e da sua capacidade de mobilização de reservas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a germinação e vigor das sementes de soja das cultivares Benso1RR e NA 5909 RG proveniente de plantas dessecadas ou não, através da mobilização de reservas. As plantas foram dessecadas com glufosinato de amônio (GLA) no estádio reprodutivo R7.1 ou não (TST). A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada através dos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado e comprimento de plântula. Para a mobilização de reservas foram avaliados em até 48 h de embebição, teores de fitato, proteína e açúcar solúvel. Em 48 h de embebição sementes provenientes de plantas dessecadas da cultivar NA 5909 RG apresentaram menor mobilização de proteína solúvel e açúcar solúvel refletindo em plântulas de baixo vigor em relação a sua testemunha. Para a cultivar Benso1RR em 48 h de embebição, a aplicação do GLA não afetou a mobilização de proteína solúvel quando comparada à testemunha, não diferindo quanto ao vigor. Conclui-se que a utilização do dessecante influenciou negativamente na mobilização de proteína solúvel e açúcar solúvel para a cultivar NA 5909 RG refletindo em baixo percentual de germinação e baixo vigor.Termos para indexação: vigor, herbicida, proteína, açúcar solúvel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Mobilization of reserves and vigor of soybean seeds under desiccation with glufosinate ammonium

2015

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“…Plant seeds phytases have been described to have usually pH optimum between 4.0 and 5.6. Recently, alkaline phytases having a pH optimum at eight were extracted by a non-ionic detergent from legume seeds (Scott 1991). Another alkaline phytase with a pH optimum at 8 was found in mature lily pollen (Hara et al 1985;Scott and Loewus 1986).…”

Section: Properties Of Phytasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of phytic acid and enhancement of bioavailable micronutrients in food grains

2013

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More than half of the world populations are affected by micronutrient malnutrition and one third of world's population suffers from anemia and zinc deficiency, particularly in developing countries. Iron and zinc deficiencies are the major health problems worldwide. Phytic acid is the major storage form of phosphorous in cereals, legumes, oil seeds and nuts. Phytic acid is known as a food inhibitor which chelates micronutrient and prevents it to be bioavailabe for monogastric animals, including humans, because they lack enzyme phytase in their digestive tract. Several methods have been developed to reduce the phytic acid content in food and improve the nutritional value of cereal which becomes poor due to such antinutrient. These include genetic improvement as well as several pre-treatment methods such as fermentation, soaking, germination and enzymatic treatment of grains with phytase enzyme. Biofortification of staple crops using modern biotechnological techniques can potentially help in alleviating malnutrition in developing countries.

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“…Also, alkaline phytase removes only three phosphates from IP6 to yield IPS as the final product (Baldi et al, 1988;Loewus et al, 1990). More recently the presence of alkaline phytase in a variety of seeds was demonstrated (Scott, 1991).In this paper we describe our research effort to determine the specificity of hydrolysis of phytic acid by alkaline phytase from lily pollen. Previous investigations of phytases have relied heavily on indirect methods such as degradation of inositol phosphates to acyclic sugars by a sequence of reactions (periodate cleavage, reduction, and dephosphorylation) and subsequent identification of the final product by a variety of chromatographic techniques (Lim et al, 1973;Cosgrove, 1980b).…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Specificity of Hydrolysis of Phytic Acid by Alkaline Phytase from Lily Pollen

1994

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Phytases are the primary enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of phytic acid, myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (I-1,2,3,4,5,6-P,). A number of phytases with varying specificities, properties, and localizations hydrolyze phytic acid present in cells. l h e specificity of hydrolysis of phytic acid by alkaline phytase from lily (Lilium longiflorum 1.) pollen is described. Structures of the intermediate inositol phosphates and the final product were established by a variety of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques ('H-, 31P-, and 3'P-'H-detected multiple quantum coherence spectroscopy, and total correlation spectroscopy). O n the basis of the structures identified we have proposed a scheme of hydrolysis of phytic acid. Initial hydrolysis of the phosphate ester occurs at the D-5 position of phytic acid to yield the symmetrical I-1,2,3,4,6-P5. The two subsequent dephosphorylations occur adjacent to the D-5 hydroxyl group to yield I-1,2,3-P3 as the final product. Alkaline phytase differs from other phytases in the specificity of hydrolysis of phosphate esters on the inositol ring, its high substrate specificity for phytic acid, and biochemical properties such as susceptibility to activation by calcium and inhibition by fluoride. l h e physiological significance of alkaline phytase and the biological role of I-1,2,3-P3 remain to be identified.Phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, is a major constituent of seeds and pollen grains (1-5% of dry weight) (Loewus, 1990;Raboy, 1990). In mature lily (Lilium longiflorum L.) pollen and seeds, phytic acid is localized in membrane-bound phytic-rich granules. The presence of phytic acid in plant cells has been known for some time (Loewus, 1990;Raboy, 1990). However, it was only recently recognized that phytic acid is present in virtually all mammalian cells in concentrations higher than most other inositol phosphates (Menniti et al., 1993) and may function as a neurotransmitter (Vallejo et al., 1988). The discovery that I-1,4,5-P3 plays a crucial role in calcium cellular signaling (Bemdge et al., 1989) has greatly increased interest in the structure, metabolism, and biological role of inositol phosphates, including phytic acid.The primary enzymes responsible for the degradation of phytic acid are phytases. Phytases are a special class of phosphatases that catalyze the sequential hydrolysis of phytic acid to inositol phosphates and, in some cases, to inositol. Phytases occur in a variety of organisms including plants, fungi, and animals (reviewed by Cosgrove, 1980a). A variety of phytases differing in pH optima, substrate specificity, and * Corresponding author; fax 1-906-487-2061. specificity of hydrolysis have been identified in plants and fungi (Cosgrove, 1980a(Cosgrove, , 1980b. Acid phytases from wheat bran and Aspergilli have been extensively studied and the stereospecificity of hydrolysis has been well established (Cosgrove, 1980b). Based on the specificity of initial hydrolysis, two classes of acid phytases are recognized by the Intemational Union of Pure a...

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Alkaline Phytase Activity in Nonionic Detergent Extracts of Legume Seeds

Cited by 55 publications

References 15 publications

Mobilization of reserves and vigor of soybean seeds under desiccation with glufosinate ammonium

Mobilization of reserves and vigor of soybean seeds under desiccation with glufosinate ammonium

Reduction of phytic acid and enhancement of bioavailable micronutrients in food grains

Specificity of Hydrolysis of Phytic Acid by Alkaline Phytase from Lily Pollen

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