Alkaliphilus transvaalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a deep South African gold mine.

Takai, Ken; Moser, Duane P.; Onstott, Tullis C.; Spoelstra, Nico; Pfiffner, Susan M.; Dohnálková, Alice; Fredrickson, Jim K.

doi:10.1099/00207713-51-4-1245

Cited by 168 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Some are entirely natural, e.g., soda lakes, hot springs, oceanographic cold seeps, deep mine waters (Takai et al 2001;Takai et al 2005;Pollock et al 2007;McMillan et al 2009;Brazelton et al 2010), but many are also due to human activities. These anthropogenic sites occur as a result of the presence of residues from a range of industrial processes, e.g., lime production waste, steelworks slags, coal combustion residues, Solvay process waste, chromite ore processing residues, bauxite processing wastes, borax wastes and cementitious construction wastes (Effler et al 1991;Carlson and Adriano 1993;Townsend et al 1999;Deakin et al 2001;Ye et al 2004;Mayes et al 2006;Mayes et al 2008;Hartland et al 2009;Mayes et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkaliphiles are commonly divided into two broad groups; those that grow from circum-neutral to alkaline conditions are classified as facultative alkaliphiles (Sturr et al 1994), however, those that only growth at around pH 9 or above are classified as obligate alkaliphiles (McMillan et al 2009). Although for all alkaliphiles optimum growth commonly occurs at around pH 9-10, some species are reported to continue to grow up to around pH 12.5 (Takai et al 2001;Ye et al 2004;Pollock et al 2007). Another important consideration in alkaline environments is the nature of the organic matter (electron donors) present in affected soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogeochemical Reduction Processes in a Hyper-Alkaline Leachate Affected Soil Profile

Burke

Mortimer

Palaniyandi

et al. 2012

Geomicrobiology Journal

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Hyperalkaline surface environments can occur naturally or because of contamination by hydroxide-rich wastes. The high pH produced in these areas has the potential to lead to highly specialised microbial communities and unusual biogeochemical processes. This paper reports an investigation into the geochemical processes that are occurring in a buried, saturated, organicrich soil layer at pH 12.3. The soil has been trapped beneath calcite precipitate (tufa) that is accumulating where highly alkaline leachate from a lime kiln waste tip is emerging to atmosphere. A population of anaerobic alkaliphilic bacteria dominated by a single, unidentified species within the Comamonadaceae family of -proteobacteria has established itself near the top of the soil layer. This bacterial population appears to be capable of nitrate reduction using electron donors derived from the soil organic matter. Below the zone of nitrate reduction a significant proportion of the 0.5N HCl extractable iron (a proxy for microbial available iron) is in the Fe(II) oxidation state indicating there is increasing anoxia with depth and suggesting that microbial iron reduction is occurring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical Reduction Processes in a Hyper-Alkaline Leachate Affected Soil Profile

Burke

Mortimer

Palaniyandi

et al. 2012

Geomicrobiology Journal

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“…Similarly, strain B2-1 T can be further differentiated from Clostridium caminithermale by its Gram-negative cell-wall ultrastructure, its ability to reduce sulfur and to utilize mannitol, but not ribose, glycerol, arginine, glutamate or isoleucine. Strain B2-1 T differs from members of the genus Alkaliphilus, which are mesophiles (and hence were not included in Table 1) and features a lower DNA G+C content and is unable to ferment glucose (Cao et al, 2003;Takai et al, 2001). …”

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confidence: 99%

Thermotalea metallivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium from the Great Artesian Basin of Australia aquifer

Ogg

Patel

2009

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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A strictly anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated strain B2-1 T , was isolated from microbial mats colonizing a runoff channel formed by free-flowing thermal water from a Great Artesian Basin, Australia, bore well (registered number 17263). The cells of strain B2-1 T were slightly curved rods (3.0-3.5¾0.6-0.7 mm) which stained Gram-negative. The strain grew optimally in tryptone-yeast extract-glucose medium at 50 6C (temperature growth range 30-55 6C) and a pH of 8 (pH growth range 6.5-9). Strain B2-1 T grew poorly on yeast extract (0.2 %) and/or tryptone (0.2 %), which were obligately required for growth on other energy sources, including a range of other carbohydrates and organic acids, but not amino acids. The end-products of glucose fermentation were ethanol and acetate. In the presence of 0.2 % yeast extract, iron(III), manganese(IV) and elemental sulfur were reduced but sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfite, nitrate and nitrite were not reduced. Growth was inhibited by chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, penicillin, ampicillin, sodium azide and by NaCl concentrations greater than 4 % (w/v). The DNA G+C content was 48±1 mol% as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain B2-1 T was a member of the family Clostridiaceae, class Clostridia, phylum Firmicutes and was most closely related to Geosporobacter subterraneus DSM 17957 T (89.9 % similarity). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and physiological characteristics, strain B2-1 T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Thermotalea metallivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B2-1 T (5KCTC 5625 T 5JCM 15105 T 5DSM 21119 T ).The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) underlies approximately 22 % of the arid and subarid regions of the Australian continent, an area of over 1.7610 6 km 2 , with a water storage capacity of 8.7610 12 m 3 , and is considered to be the world's largest geothermal subsurface aquifer (Habermahl, 1980). The GAB was formed between 100 and 250 million years ago and contains groundwaters which are estimated to be 2 million years old. It is composed of alternating layers of water-bearing permeable sandstone aquifers and non-water-bearing impermeable shale and includes two regions that contain the largest onshore oil and gas reserves in Australia. These geological formations have an immense influence on the chemical composition of GAB groundwaters, which can be bicarbonate-, chloride-, sulfate-or iron-rich. The GAB subsurface waters flow from the recharge areas at the edge of the basin to the discharge areas in central Australia as mound springs at an estimated rate of 1-5 m year 21 and are heated by the Earth's magma due to the aquifer's great depth. The GAB is tapped by more than 5000 free-flowing bores which provide vital water to outback communities where it is used for agricultural, industrial and domestic purposes. These bores can be found up to 3000 m deep, with source temperatures ranging from 30 to 100 u C d...

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“…Microbial habitats extend down to great depths beneath the earth's surface. However, cell counts and detailed characterizations of the microbial community structure in the continental deep biosphere are rare and mostly related to investigations in oil reservoirs (Youssef et al, 2009), geothermal aquifers (Alawi et al, 2011;Lerm et al, 2013) or gold mines (Deflaun et al, 2007;Takai et al, 2001;Trimarco et al, 2006). A few continental drilling campaigns have focused on the deep biosphere (Fredrickson et al, 1997;Onstott et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 2005), though the state of knowledge reached is still in the early stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drilling into an active mofette: pilot-hole study of the impact of CO<sub>2</sub>-rich mantle-derived fluids on the geo–bio interaction in the western Eger Rift (Czech Republic)

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Microbial life in the continental "deep biosphere" is closely linked to geodynamic processes, yet this interaction is poorly studied. The Cheb Basin in the western Eger Rift (Czech Republic) is an ideal place for such a study because it displays almost permanent seismic activity along active faults with earthquake swarms up to M L 4.5 and intense degassing of mantle-derived CO 2 in conduits that show up at the surface in form of mofettes. We hypothesize that microbial life is significantly accelerated in active fault zones and in CO 2 conduits, due to increased fluid and substrate flow. To test this hypothesis, pilot hole HJB-1 was drilled in spring 2016 at the major mofette of the Hartoušov mofette field, after extensive pre-drill surveys to optimize the well location. After drilling through a thin caprock-like structure at 78.5 m, a CO 2 blowout occurred indicating a CO 2 reservoir in the underlying sandy clay. A pumping test revealed the presence of mineral water dominated by Na + , Ca 2+ , HCO The cored sediments are mudstones with minor carbonates, sandstones and lignite coals that were deposited in a lacustrine environment. Deformation structures and alteration features are abundant in the core. Ongoing studies will show if they result from the flow of CO 2 -rich fluids or not.

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Alkaliphilus transvaalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a deep South African gold mine.

Abstract: Abbreviations : FAMEs, fatty acid methyl esters ; Ga, Giga-annum ; kmbls, km below land surface ; MSD, mass selective detector ; PLFA, phospholipid fatty acid.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rDNA sequence of SAGM1 T is AB037677.

Cited by 168 publications

References 61 publications

Biogeochemical Reduction Processes in a Hyper-Alkaline Leachate Affected Soil Profile

Biogeochemical Reduction Processes in a Hyper-Alkaline Leachate Affected Soil Profile

Thermotalea metallivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium from the Great Artesian Basin of Australia aquifer

Drilling into an active mofette: pilot-hole study of the impact of CO<sub>2</sub>-rich mantle-derived fluids on the geo–bio interaction in the western Eger Rift (Czech Republic)

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Alkaliphilus transvaalensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a deep South African gold mine.

Abstract: Abbreviations : FAMEs, fatty acid methyl esters ; Ga, Giga-annum ; kmbls, km below land surface ; MSD, mass selective detector ; PLFA, phospholipid fatty acid.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rDNA sequence of SAGM1 T is AB037677.

Cited by 168 publications

References 61 publications

Biogeochemical Reduction Processes in a Hyper-Alkaline Leachate Affected Soil Profile

Biogeochemical Reduction Processes in a Hyper-Alkaline Leachate Affected Soil Profile

Thermotalea metallivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium from the Great Artesian Basin of Australia aquifer

Drilling into an active mofette: pilot-hole study of the impact of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-rich mantle-derived fluids on the geo–bio interaction in the western Eger Rift (Czech Republic)

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Drilling into an active mofette: pilot-hole study of the impact of CO<sub>2</sub>-rich mantle-derived fluids on the geo–bio interaction in the western Eger Rift (Czech Republic)