Alkalizing Properties of Six Calcium-Silicate Endodontic Biomaterials

Kot, Katarzyna; Kucharski, Łukasz; Marek, Ewa; Safranow, Krzysztof; Lipski, Mariusz

doi:10.3390/ma15186482

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The undiluted extracts were prepared from the set materials using a basal control medium as the extraction solution, which was further diluted for the exposure experiments (1%, 10%, and 20% extracts). The undiluted extracts showed a pH~9.5, thus exhibiting the alkalinizing effect normally described for these formulations [ 53 , 54 ]. However, due to the buffering effect of the medium, the pH of the diluted extracts was kept at ~7.4, similar to that of the extracellular fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Ex Vivo Osteogenesis Induced by Calcium Silicate-Based Cement Extracts

Kato

Araújo

Rodrigues

et al. 2023

JFB

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Calcium silicate-based cements are used in a variety of clinical conditions affecting the pulp tissue, relying on their inductive effect on tissue mineralization. This work aimed to evaluate the biological response of calcium silicate-based cements with distinct properties—the fast-setting Biodentine™ and TotalFill® BC RRM™ Fast Putty, and the classical slow-setting ProRoot® MTA, in an ex vivo model of bone development. Briefly, eleven-day-old embryonic chick femurs were cultured for 10 days in organotypic conditions, being exposed to the set cements’ eluates and, at the end of the culture period, evaluated for osteogenesis/bone formation by combining microtomographic analysis and histological histomorphometric assessment. ProRoot® MTA and TotalFill® extracts presented similar levels of calcium ions, although significantly lower than those released from BiodentineTM. All extracts increased the osteogenesis/tissue mineralization, assayed by microtomographic (BV/TV) and histomorphometric (% of mineralized area; % of total collagen area, and % of mature collagen area) indexes, although displaying distinct dose-dependent patterns and quantitative values. The fast-setting cements displayed better performance than that of ProRoot® MTA, with BiodentineTM presenting the best performance, within the assayed experimental model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Ex Vivo Osteogenesis Induced by Calcium Silicate-Based Cement Extracts

Kato

Araújo

Rodrigues

et al. 2023

JFB

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“…In the current study, calcium exhibited statistically significant changes between the initial and final measurements for the following materials: ProRoot MTA (increase), MTA Angelus (decrease), Biodentine (decrease), and TheraCal (increase). CSM materials also provide significantly more alkaline pH (9.5-13) than RBM materials; this may indicate an antibacterial capability and enhanced mineralisation [41,54,55]. The highest levels of phosphorous were detected in TheraCal LC (16.39 after 24 h and 17.00 after 28 days) followed by MTA Angelus (0.14 after 24 h and 14.81 after 28 days), ProRoot MTA (0.14 after 24 h and 5.96 after 28 days), Activa BioActive Base/Liner (1.61 after 24 h and 0.70 after 28 days), Predicta Bulk, Biodentine, and Activa Presto.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dentine Remineralisation Induced by “Bioactive” Materials through Mineral Deposition: An In Vitro Study

Kunert,

Piwonski,

Hardan

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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This study aimed to assess the ability of modern resin-based “bioactive” materials (RBMs) to induce dentine remineralisation via mineral deposition and compare the results to those obtained with calcium silicate cements (CSMs). The following materials were employed for restoration of dentine cavities: CSMs: ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Sirona), MTA Angelus (Angelus), Biodentine (Septodont), and TheraCal LC (Bisco); RBMs: ACTIVA BioACTIVE Base/Liner (Pulpdent), ACTIVA Presto (Pulpdent), and Predicta Bioactive Bulk (Parkell). The evaluation of the mineral deposition was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) on the material and dentine surfaces, as well as at the dentine–material interface after immersion in simulated body fluid. Additionally, the Ca/P ratios were also calculated in all the tested groups. The specimens were analysed after setting (baseline) and at 24 h, 7, 14, and 28 days. ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, and TheraCal LC showed significant surface precipitation, which filled the gap between the material and the dentine. Conversely, the three RBMs showed only a slight ability to induce mineral precipitation, although none of them was able to remineralise the dentine–material interface. In conclusion, in terms of mineral precipitation, modern “bioactive” RBMs are not as effective as CSMs in inducing dentine remineralisation; these latter represent the only option to induce a possible reparative process at the dentin–material interface.

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“…Distilled water (DW) served as the reference group for comparison due to its well-established efficacy as a vehicle for tricalcium silicate cement and its widespread use by manufacturers [36]. The pH value of Biodentine discs (5 mm × 10 mm) in DW has been reported to range from 11.2 after 1 day to 11.3 after 7 days [36], and other study disc size (4 mm × 5 mm) showed 9.65 to 11.5 after 14 days [38]. A Biodentine powder (5 mg/mL) showed a mean pH value of 11.32 after 7 days [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specimen Shape and Elution Time Affect the Mineralization and Differentiation Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Biodentine

Phang,

Malhotra,

Chen

et al. 2023

JFB

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The liquid extract method is commonly used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of materials. Although ISO has recommended guidelines for test methods, variations in elution period, and shape of samples can influence the biological outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of material form and elution period of Biodentine on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)’ proliferation and mineralization. Biodentine (0.2 g) discs or powder were immersed in culture media (10 mL) for 1, 3 or 7 days (D1, D3 and D7). The eluents were filtered and used to treat DPSC. The calcium release profile and pH were determined. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTS for 3 days, and mineralization and differentiation were assessed by alizarin red S staining (Ca2+/ng of DNA) and qRT-PCR (MEPE, DSPP, DMP-1, RUNX2, COL-I and OCN) for 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed with a one or two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test (pH, calcium release and proliferation) or Mann–Whitney test (α = 0.05). pH and calcium ion release of powdered eluents were significantly higher than disc eluents. Powdered eluent promoted extensive cell death, while the disc form was cytocompatible. All disc eluents significantly increased the gene expression and mineralization after 14 days compared to the untreated control. D7 induced less mineralization and differentiation compared to D1 and D3. Thus, the materials’ form and elution time are critical aspects to be considered when evaluating the bioactivity of materials, since this binomial can affect positively and negatively the biological outcomes.

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Alkalizing Properties of Six Calcium-Silicate Endodontic Biomaterials

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Ex Vivo Osteogenesis Induced by Calcium Silicate-Based Cement Extracts

Ex Vivo Osteogenesis Induced by Calcium Silicate-Based Cement Extracts

Dentine Remineralisation Induced by “Bioactive” Materials through Mineral Deposition: An In Vitro Study

Specimen Shape and Elution Time Affect the Mineralization and Differentiation Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Biodentine

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