Alkaloidal, lignan and phenolic constituents of Ephedra alata

Nawwar, Mahmoud A.M.; Barakat, Heba H.; Buddrust, J.; Linscheidt, M.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)84920-1

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The data presented demonstrate that coordination of water loss and carbon gain, combined with proline accumulation function as mechanisms behind its successful distribution across arid regions. Most previous studies on the genus Ephedra have focused on the pharmacological and medical aspects of the species (Smith, 1977;Nawwar et al, 1984Nawwar et al, , 1985Abourashed et al, 2003;Hayashi et al, 2010), and studies on the ecophysiology of Ephedra have long been needed to improve the basis for management of this important regional plant species. Analysis of the relationship between water relations and gas exchange characteristics of this xerophytic species in this study provide a tool for understanding how plants cope with extreme drought, and how the mechanisms of adaptation to dry conditions may affect its prospects for cultivation, restoration, and persistence in natural ecosystems in the face of climate change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…alenda (Stapf) Trab., a dioecious species, is the most important pioneer plant of the moving and semi-stable sand dunes in the deserts and steppes of south Tunisia and occurs naturally in the Grand Erg Oriental (Nabli, 1989) and grows up to 5 m tall near Rjim Mâatoug, Tunisa (Chaieb and Boukhris, 1998). Other than its sand stabilization value, E. alata has gained popularity because of its secondary product chemistry-it is an important source of pharmaceutical compounds (Smith, 1977;Nawwar et al, 1984Nawwar et al, , 1985Abourashed et al, 2003;Hayashi et al, 2010). Local nomadic populations also use it for pasture and for fuel, but overuse in this respect has contributed to its decrease (Nabli, 1989;Chaieb and Boukhris, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid recovery of photosynthesis and water relations following soil drying and re-watering is related to the adaptation of desert shrub Ephedra alata subsp. alenda (Ephedraceae) to arid environments

Gorai¹,

Laajili

Santiago

et al. 2015

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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Rapid recovery of photosynthesis and water relations following soil drying and re-watering is related to the adaptation of desert shrub Ephedra alata subsp. alenda (Ephedraceae) to arid environments a b s t r a c t Ephedra alata subsp. alenda is the most important pioneer plant of the moving and semi-stable sand dunes in the deserts and steppes of south Tunisia and occurs naturally in the Grand Erg Oriental, one of the most extreme habitats for plant growth on the planet. A new analysis of physiological performance of this medically important and internationally threatened xerophytic shrub was conducted to assess possible mechanisms of drought tolerance and how these relate to its ecological success. Five-month old plants, grown under controlled climatic conditions, were subjected to a well-watered control treatment or progressive drought by withholding water for 14 d with subsequent recovery for 7 d. Soil water depletion significantly reduced stem relative water content (RWC) water potential (« w ) and osmotic potential (« ). Ephedra displayed more negative « w and « values of ca. −3.5 and −4.1 MPa, respectively, at the end of the drought treatment, and were associated with turgor loss. Low stem « w reduced stomatal conductance (g s ), photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation rates (A CO 2 ), transpiration (E) and internal CO 2 concentration (C i ). However, instantaneous (WUE; A CO 2 E −1 ) and intrinsic (WUE i ; A CO 2 g −1 s ) water use efficiency (WUE) increased gradually as water deficit was intensified. Stomatal closure therefore only exerted limited control against dehydration and could not compensate for decreases in soil water status, typical of anisohydric behavior. Drought-stressed stems accumulated high levels of proline up to 480% of control values, highlighting a pivotal role in osmotic adjustment during intense water deficit. In contrast, the osmotic adaptation to soluble sugars was limited. Drought-stressed plants increased A CO 2 , E, g s and C i and decreased WUE and WUE i during the first 48 h after re-watering, such that they reached similar values to those of control plants by the end of the experiment. Stem proline levels of drought-stressed plants returned to near control values with re-watering. Overall, rapid recovery of photosynthesis following drought-breaking moisture appears to be a critical mechanism allowing E. alata to withstand and survive dry environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid recovery of photosynthesis and water relations following soil drying and re-watering is related to the adaptation of desert shrub Ephedra alata subsp. alenda (Ephedraceae) to arid environments

Gorai¹,

Laajili

Santiago

et al. 2015

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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“…These shrub plants also showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities (13)(14)(15). Ephedra basic compounds consist of the alkaloids E and PE and phenols (16). The stem consists of overall 1-3% alkaloids, having E comprising 30-70% of the total, depending on all the species and types of Ephedra plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Formulations, characterization, in vitro and ex vivo release of Ephedra extract from topical preparations using dialysis cellulose membrane and natural rabbit skin

Gul¹,

Jan²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2017

Dissolution Technol.

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Ephedra is herbal medicine used in the treatment of many diseases, especially asthma and urticaria. The aim of this study was to formulate topical formulations as a microemulsion, a gel and an ointment containing the Ephedra extracts of (E. Intermedia), collected from Balochistan, Pakistan and to evaluate their isolation, characterization and in vitro and ex vivo permeability release using markers. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the quantification of markers, and in vitro and ex vivo studies were done by Franz diffusion cells. The kinetics release and permeability was checked by cuprophan dialysis membrane and natural rabbit skin to justify their stability for topical use. Of the three formulations, release behavior of microemulsion and gel was almost the same, and the ointment showed slow release. The cellulose membrane showed faster release than the rabbit skin; this arrangement can be shown as microemulsion > gel > ointment. However, Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics for the three formulations were observed for the membranes. This study demonstrates that it is necessary to assess the impact of release and permeability patterns of different formulations. In vitro and ex vivo experiments can be utilized to develop formulations of traditional medicines.

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“…It is used in traditional medicine to treat allergies, bronchial asthma, chills, colds, coughs, edema, fever, flu, headaches. This plant also shows antimicrobial and anticancer activities (Konar & Singh (1979); Nawwar et al (1985); O'Dowd et al (1998)). It has been a natural source of alkaloids such as ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and other related compounds (Parsaeimehr et al (2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Phenolic and Flavonoids of Wild Ephedra Alata Plant Extracts by Lc/Pda and Lc/MS and Their Antioxidant Activity

Al‐Rimawi¹,

Abu‐Lafi²,

Abbadi³

et al. 2017

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med

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Background: Ephedra is among Palestinian medicinal plants that are traditionally used in folkloric medicine for treating many diseases. Ephedra is known to have antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The goal of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of different extracts from the Ephedra alata plant growing wild in Palestine, and to analyze their phenolic and flavonoid constituents by HPLC/PDA and HPLC/MS. Materials and Methods: Samples of the Ephedra alata plant grown wild in Palestine were extracted with three different solvents namely, 100% water, 80% ethanol, and 100% ethanol. The extracts were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), as well as phenolic and flavonoids content by HPLC/PDA/MS. Results:The results revealed that the polarity of the extraction solvent affects the TPC, TFC, and AA of extracts. It was found that both TPC and AA are highest for plant extracted with 80% ethanol, followed by 100% ethanol, and finally with 100% water. TFC however was highest in the following order: 100% ethanol > 80% ethanol > water. Pearson correlation indicated that there is a significant correlation between AA and TPC, but there is no correlation between AA and TFC. Simultaneous HPLC-PDA and UHPLC-MS analysis of the ethanolic plant extracts revealed the presence of Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide flavone, Myricetin 3-rhamnoside and some other major polyphenolic compounds that share myricetin skeleton. Conclusion Ephedra alata extract is rich in potent falvonoid glycosidic compounds as revealed by their similar overlaid UV-Vis spectra and UHPLC-MS results. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that Ephedra alata constitutes a natural source of potent antioxidants that may prevent many diseases and could be potentially used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products.

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Alkaloidal, lignan and phenolic constituents of Ephedra alata

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

Rapid recovery of photosynthesis and water relations following soil drying and re-watering is related to the adaptation of desert shrub Ephedra alata subsp. alenda (Ephedraceae) to arid environments

Rapid recovery of photosynthesis and water relations following soil drying and re-watering is related to the adaptation of desert shrub Ephedra alata subsp. alenda (Ephedraceae) to arid environments

Formulations, characterization, in vitro and ex vivo release of Ephedra extract from topical preparations using dialysis cellulose membrane and natural rabbit skin

Analysis of Phenolic and Flavonoids of Wild Ephedra Alata Plant Extracts by Lc/Pda and Lc/MS and Their Antioxidant Activity

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